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Bloods from normal volunteers and patients of various diseases were examined using the electron spin resonance technique at-196°C in a liquid nitrogen. Three major signals were detected ; g=4.2 for Fe (IQ) in transferrin, g=2.05 for Cu (II) in ceruloplasmin and g=2.00 for free radical. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy was found to be a good tool for monitoring the variation of blood metal elements and free radical in various disorders and for analysing the metabolic disturbance of oxidation-reduction system in the body. In vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs, Fe (III) and free radical signals were lower than those of the normal while Cu (II) signal was much higher. Such an abnormal pattern was demonstrated from the bloods of patients suffered from influenza. A possible value of vitamin C on these patients was discussed.

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The electron paramagnetic resonance signal of the cupric ion (its perpendicular component) at – 196°C was found to be different in shape in human blood plasma and serum. On the addition of acid, substrate of ceruloplasmin, reducing agent, or denaturing agent, serum exhibited a complex electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum similar to that of a copper-diethyldithiocarbamate complex in an organic solvent, with a simultaneous disappearance of the cupric ion signal. Such an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum occurred only from human serum but not from animal (guinea pig, mouse, rat, cattle, or monkey) serum.