As rochas evaporíticas se destacam nos estudos sedimentológicos e estratigráficos por sua associação com rochas geradoras de petróleo como rochas selantes e por seu significado paleoclimático e paleoambiental. A caracterização faciológica e petrográfica quantitativa permitiu a definição das fácies e hábitos dos evaporitos do Membro Ipubi da Bacia do Araripe, coletados em afloramentos localizados principalmente na região de Araripina, Pernambuco. Técnicas de difratometria de raios X (DRX) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foram utilizadas com o intuito de complementar a análise dos aspectos composicionais e texturais dos constituintes. Os sulfatos dominantes são gipsita e anidrita, localmente celestita. Foram identificadas macroscopicamente três fácies (Evaporito laminado, Evaporito maciço e Evaporito fraturado) e microscopicamente treze hábitos para os sulfatos. Dentre estes, os hábitos e as texturas primários são anidrita nodular, gipsita paliçada e chevron, estas duas últimas constituindo a textura laminada. Os demais sulfatos foram precipitados em condições pós-deposicionais rasas. As análises isotópicas de S e O nos sulfatos forneceram valores de δ34S entre +10,27‰ e +17,99‰ e δ18O entre +7,72‰ e +13,30‰, caracterizando a composição marinha da salmoura geradora dos depósitos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os evaporitos do Membro Ipubi foram depositados em contexto subaquoso (salinas) e intrasedimentar em um sabkha costeiro.
We analyze potential Late Holocene metal contamination along a sediment core collected in the distal zone of Ria de Vigo (North Spain). Statistical treatment of the dataset based on a multiproxy approach enabled us to identify and disentangle factors influencing the depositional processes and the preservation of the records of this activity in the area over the last ≈3000 years bp. Some layers of the analyzed core have significant enrichment in Cu and a moderate enrichment in Ag, Mo, As, Sb, S, Zn, Ni, Sn, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, and Li. The enrichment of these elements in some layers of this core may be related to mining activities that have taken place since classical times in the region. Successive phases of pollution were identified along the core KSGX24 related to the Late Bronze Age (≈3000-2450 years bp), Iron Age (≈2450-1850 years bp), Roman times (≈1850-1550 years bp), Middle Ages (≈1250-500 years bp), and industrial and modern (≈250-0 years bp) anthropic activities. The protection of the Cies Islands, the erosive and transport capacity of the rivers in the region, oscillations of the oceanographic and climatic regime, atmospheric contamination, and diagenetic sedimentary processes might have contributed to the accumulation and preservation of this record in the distal region of the Ria de Vigo. The studied core shows that the industrial and preindustrial anthropic impacts caused an environmental liability and contributed to the presence of moderate to heavy pollution of various metals in surface and subsurface sediment layers in the distal sector of the Ria de Vigo, which could be a hazard to biota.
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