ARTIGO DE REVISÃO | REVIEW ARTICLE RESUMOObjetivou-se revisar sistematicamente estudos randomizados sobre a magnitude da hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE) em adultos. Consultaram-se as bases Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs, combinando os indexadores "exercise" e "hypotension", sendo encontrados 1336 estudos. Destes, excluíram-se 1268 por títu-los, 37 por resumos, 10 não randomizados, 1 por repetição de dados, restando 20. Estes foram avaliados segundo os itens de randomização, mascaramento, sigilo de alocação, análise por intenção de tratar e quantitativamente pela Escala de Jadad. As reduções das pressões sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) em normotensos foram inferiores à dos hipertensos (−9±3 vs −11±6 mmHg e −5±2 vs −8±6 mmHg, respetivamente). Em ambos os grupos, os indivíduos ativos apresentaram HPE maior que os sedentários (normotensos: PAS −10±4 vs −8±1 mmHg; PAD −5±1 vs −4±1 mmHg; hipertensos: PAS −16±4 vs −9±2 mmHg; PAD −7±4 vs −5±3 mmHg, respetivamente). Nestes estudos, a magnitude da HPE variou entre −4 a −19 mmHg para PAS e −2 a −9 mmHg para PAD, valores que dependem tanto das características da amostra, seus estágios pressóricos iniciais, sexo e nível de atividade física, como também do protocolo de exercício utilizado, não havendo consenso sobre a influência da sua duração ou da intensidade do exercício. Palavras-chave: exercício, pressão arterial, hipotensão pós-exercício ABSTRACTThe objective was to carry out a systematic review of randomized trials on the magnitude of post exercise hypotension (PEH) in adults. 1336 studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs, after searching "exercise" and "hypotension". 1268 papers were excluded by titles, 37 by abstracts, 10 were nonrandomized, 1 by repeating data, leaving 20. These studies were evaluated according to the randomization, blinding, allocation concealment, analysis by intention to treat and quantitatively by the Jadad Scale. The average reductions in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) of the normotensive were lower than hypertensive (−9±3 vs. −11±6 mmHg and −12±2 vs. −8±6 mmHg, respectively) in both groups, active individuals had greater PEH than sedentary individuals (normotensive SBP −10±4 vs. −8±1 mmHg, PAD −5±1 vs. −4±1; hypertensive SBP −16±4 vs −9±2 mmHg; PAD −7±4 vs. −5±3 mmHg, respectively). In randomized studies the magnitude of PEH ranged from −4 to −19 mmHg for SBP and −2 to −9 mm Hg for DBP values according to the sample characteristics (blood pressure early stages, gender and level of physical activity) and the exercise protocols selected (i.e., there is no consensus on the influence of duration and intensity).
RESUMOIntrodução: A determinação do limiar anaeróbio em exercícios resistidos tem sido tema de diversos estudos. No entanto, o impacto desta avaliação sobre os parâmetros hemodinâmicos de pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca ainda é desconhecido. Objetivo: Comparar a estimativa do limiar anaeróbio (LAn) obtido em teste e reteste de protocolo incremental nos exercícios resistidos de supino reto (SR) e rosca direta (RD) e analisar o comportamento das variáveis hemodinâmicas de frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) durante protocolo de cargas incrementais.
Introduction: Regular practice of physical activity is important to prevent and treat psychobiological dysfunctions and improve the quality of life. Insufficient levels of exercise have been considered a risk factor for diseases, mainly cardiovascular disorders. The evidences about the levels of physical activity in college students are inconsistent, especially in physical education undergraduate programs. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the level of physical activity in Physical Education college students of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, considering gender, undergraduate program (degree or bachelor) and term time. Method: The study design is transversal, and 159 subjects answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), short version. Results: Most of the college students were classified as active and very actives (77.4%) and, only 22.7% were insufficiently actives. It was observed a significant association between the level of physical activity and the term time (p=0.001), with a linear and progressive trend to towards an increase in the number of inactive/insufficiently active students. There was not significant association (p=0.088) between the level of physical activity and the first or second half of the undergraduate program. College’s Bachelor students of were more active than college’s Licentiate students, however, without significant association (p=0.181). In the difference between genders, women have higher levels of physical activity than men, but without significant association (p=0.797). Conclusion: The results show that students of physical education present appropriate levels of physical activity and students of the last term time are less active than first term time students.
ARTIGO ORIGINAL | ORIGINAL ARTICLE RESUMOO objetivo do estudo foi analisar o efeito da ingestão de cafeína sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca e da pressão arterial pós-exercício aeróbio em mulheres hipertensas. Participaram do estudo doze mulheres hipertensas (55±4 anos), consumidoras habituais de cafeína. Foram registrados no repouso e pós exercício aeróbio o eletrocardiograma e a pressão arterial. Todos os sujeitos ingeriram cafeína ou placebo (4mg/kg corporal), esperaram 30 minutos e realizaram exercício em esteira por 30 minutos com intensidade entre 60 e 70% da frequência cardíaca de reserva. Pressão arterial sistólica aumentou de forma significativa na sessão cafeína em relação ao repouso e quando comparada ao placebo (p < 0.05). Componente espectral de baixa frequência e balanço simpato-vagal, aumentaram significativamente quando comparado ao repouso na sessão cafeína. Opostamente na sessão placebo, baixa frequência e balanço simpato-vagal reduziram de forma significativa (p < 0.05). Na comparação entre as sessões cafeína e placebo, observou-se que baixa frequência e balanço simpato-vagal foram significativamente maiores na sessão cafeína (p < 0.05). Deste modo podemos sugerir que a ingestão de cafeína aumentou a atividade simpática cardíaca com consequente aumento da pressão arterial sistólica pós-exercício aeróbio, o que poderia estar relacionado a uma possível reação hipertensiva em mulheres hipertensas de meia idade. Palavras-chave: exercício aeróbio, hipertensão, modulação autonômica cardíaca, cafeína. ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to analyse the effect of caffeine consumption on cardiac autonomic modulation and arterial blood pressure after aerobic exercise in hypertensive women. Twelve hypertensive women participated in this study (55±4 years old), habitual consumers of caffeine. The electrocardiogram and the arterial blood pressure were recorded during rest and after aerobic exercise. All subject ingested caffeine or placebo (4mg/kg), waited 30 minutes and exercised on a treadmill for 30 minutes with intensity of 60% and 70% of the reserve heart rate. Systolic arterial blood pressure rose significantly in the caffeine session compared to rest and placebo session (p < 0.05). Spectral component of low frequency and sympathovagal balance increased dramatically when compared to baseline in caffeine session. In contrast, during the placebo session, the low frequency and sympathovagal balance decreased significantly (p < 0.05). When compared the caffeine and placebo sessions, it could be seen that the low frequency and sympathovagal balance were significantly higher in caffeine session (p < 0.05). Thus, it can be suggested that the consumption of caffeine increased the cardiac sympathetic activity with resulting increase of systolic arterial blood pressure after aerobic exercise, which could be related to a possible hypertensive reaction in hypertensive middle-aged women.
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