No abstract

Background: The dual antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel is the cornerstone of treatment for patients undergoing angioplasty with coronary stent implantation. However, some of these patients, despite the use of aspirin and clopidogrel, are not effectively anti-aggregated, a phenomenon known as resistance to antiplatelet agents. Its prevalence, as well as the conditions associated with it, is unknown in our country.

Background:The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends as a weekly "target dose" of exercise 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of intense exercise. Public health policies have prioritized the practice of exercise as a strategy for disease prevention and health promotion, with health professionals as their main promoters.Objective: To assess the interaction between the amount of exercise per week and the knowledge about recommendations for fighting a sedentary lifestyle among health care professionals attending a congress of cardiology.Methods: Participants of the 2017 Rio de Janeiro Society of Cardiology Congress were interviewed. Knowledge about the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for fighting a sedentary lifestyle was assessed by asking participants the question: "How much weekly exercise is recommended by the WHO?" Responders were stratified by the weekly exercise load reported. A multivariate logistic model was created to determine independent predictors of knowledge.Results: A total of 426 participants were interviewed (45.5% men, median age 31 years, 37.8% physicians, 65.8% of the physicians were cardiologists). The overall knowledge level was 44.6%; 38.1%, 52.7% and 56.6% among nonphysicians, non-cardiologists and cardiologists, respectively (p = 0.002). Of all participants, 21.8% were inactive, 15% were lightly active, 34.7% moderately active and 28.4% highly active, and the percentage of individuals who gave a correct answer to the question on exercise recommendations was 30.1%, 42%, 48% and 52.9% respectively (p < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, being highly active (OR = 2.25, IC95%, 1.238 -4.089), moderately active (OR = 1.93, IC 95% 1.105 -3.39) and being a cardiologist (OR = 2.01, IC 95% 1.243 -3,267) were predictors of knowledge. Conclusions:There was a linear association between exercise level and knowledge about the WHO recommendations on exercise. Policies to stimulate the practice of exercise among health professionals can positively impact campaigns for reducing sedentary lifestyle in the general population.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using fluorine-18-deoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) for the evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). Methods: Prospective analysis of 53 consecutive patients submitted to PET/CT between March 2005 and May 2007 for the evaluation of an SPN. Of those, 32 met the criteria for inclusion in the present study. The lesions were evaluated for location, size, radiotracer uptake and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV). The FDG-PET/CT results were correlated with other predictors of malignancy (age, gender, smoking status, nodule size and nodule location). The definitive diagnosis was established through histopathology or through clinical/radiological follow-up for at least one year. Results: Fourteen malignant SPNs were found. Through analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve, we established an SUV of 2.5 as the most appropriate cut-off point, since it correctly identified 13 of the 14 malignant SPNs. The results below that point revealed one false positive for neoplasia out of a total of 14. The semiquantitative method presented a sensitivity of 92.9%, specificity of 72.2%, positive predictive value of 72.2%, negative predictive value of 92.9% and accuracy of 81.2%. The multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association with SPN malignancy only for nodule location in the upper lobes (p = 0.048) and SUV (p = 0.007). Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that the SUV of [18F]-FDG is a useful predictor of neoplasia in SPN, with a high negative predictive value, which allows malignancy to be safely ruled out, showing its relevance in the diagnostic approach to pulmonary nodules.Keywords: Positron-emission tomography; Coin lesion, pulmonary; Lung neoplasms. ResumoObjetivo: Determinar a acurácia diagnóstica da positron emission tomography (tomografia por emissão de pósitrons)/tomografia computadorizada (PET/TC) com deoxiglicose marcada com flúor-18, conhecida como fluorodeoxiglicose (FDG[18F]), na avaliação de nódulo pulmonar solitário (NPS). Métodos: Análise prospectiva de 53 pacientes consecutivos que realizaram PET/TC para avaliação de NPS, entre março de 2005 e maio de 2007. Destes 32 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. As lesões foram avaliadas quanto a sua localização e tamanho, grau de captação do radiofármaco e o standardized uptake value (SUV, valor padronizado de captação) máximo das lesões. Os achados dos estudos de FDG-PET/TC foram correlacionados com outros preditores de malignidade (idade, sexo, tabagismo, tamanho e localização do nódulo). O diagnóstico definitivo foi estabelecido por confirmação histopatológica ou acompanhamento clínico-radiológico por um período mínimo de um ano. Resultados: Encontrados 14 NPS malignos. Após análise da curva ROC, o SUV de 2,5 foi considerado o melhor ponto de corte que identificou corretamente 13 dos 14 NPS malignos. Os resultados abaixo deste ponto de corte mostraram um exame falso positivo para neoplasia num total de 14....

BackgroundPhysical examination and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been used to estimate hemodynamics and tailor therapy of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients. However, correlation between these parameters and left ventricular filling pressures is controversial.ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of physical examination, chest radiography (CR) and BNP in estimating left atrial pressure (LAP) as assessed by tissue Doppler echocardiogram.MethodsPatients admitted with ADHF were prospectively assessed. Diagnostic characteristics of physical signs of heart failure, CR and BNP in predicting elevation (> 15 mm Hg) of LAP, alone or combined, were calculated. Spearman test was used to analyze the correlation between non-normal distribution variables. The level of significance was 5%.ResultsForty-three patients were included, with mean age of 69.9 ± 11.1years, left ventricular ejection fraction of 25 ± 8.0%, and BNP of 1057 ± 1024.21 pg/mL. Individually, all clinical, CR or BNP parameters had a poor performance in predicting LAP ≥ 15 mm Hg. A clinical score of congestion had the poorest performance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.53], followed by clinical score + CR (AUC 0.60), clinical score + CR + BNP > 400 pg/mL (AUC 0.62), and clinical score + CR + BNP > 1000 pg/mL (AUC 0.66).ConclusionPhysical examination, CR and BNP had a poor performance in predicting a LAP ≥ 15 mm Hg. Using these parameters alone or in combination may lead to inaccurate estimation of hemodynamics.