The phenomenon of the COVID-19 pandemic requires prevention actions, such as social and physical distancing. In education, there is no choice but to adapt to online learning from traditional face-to-face learning. Online learning is divided into two approaches, namely synchronous and asynchronous learning. In practice, both synchronous and asynchronous learning have their respective advantages and disadvantages that can affect the efficiency and the effectiveness of online learning that are felt by students. The present study has analyzed students’ acceptance of synchronous learning and asynchronous learning by comparing the results of the two approaches that were used in educational institutions. Data from 162 respondents in the synchronous and 147 asynchronous online learning surveys were obtained through distributing online questionnaires. The present research utilized multigroup partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis. The results indicate that students’ acceptance of synchronous online learning is influenced by the characteristics of the teachers, technological innovations, and the quality of the learning system. At the same time, the teacher characteristics, the organizational and technical support, technological innovations, and the trust affect the acceptance of asynchronous online learning. The R2 that was generated from the two groups was 58 percent and 62 percent for synchronous and asynchronous learning, respectively. The managerial implications that can be implemented are also described here in order to assist institutions in increasing the acceptance of synchronous and asynchronous online learning for future online education.

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CHAPTER 4 KUPANG, EAST NUSA TENGGARA MULTISTAKEHOLDER FORESTRY Steps for Change viii FREDY WAHON Fredy Wahon was born in East Flores on 18 January 1970. After completing his studies at Nusa Cendana (Undana) University in Kupang in 1994, he began a career in journalism and has worked with the daily newspapers Nusa Tenggara, Novas in Dili, East Timor, Surya Timur in Kupang, Siwalima in Ambon, Radar Timor, the tabloid SAKSI in Kupang, and the Kupang News. Now this father of two is manager of the Multistakeholder Forestry Programme in the Research and Advocacy Institute (LAP) Timoris, which he established in 1999. He is also publishing coordinator of the tabloid Lembata Pos. HELMI Helmi was born on 6 June 1971 in Campang Tiga, Cempaka Subdistrict, Ogan Komering Ulu District in South Sumatra. After completing his primary schooling in his home village, he moved to Jambi where he lives today. He is secretary of the Jambi Regional Autonomy Law and Policy Study Centre (PSHK-ODA). This law undergraduate has been dean of the Jambi University Faculty of Law since 1998. He has gained invaluable experience in forestry policy since becoming active in PSHK-ODA. In 2005 he was one of the civil society organisation representatives entrusted with visiting a number of countries in Europe to talk about the eradication of illegal logging in Indonesia.

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