Herbal medicine is a form of medicine that has been extensively exploited in traditional medicine, and its therapeutic potential is accepted. Combretum is one of the most frequently happening genera in the African and Asia tropical and subtropical areas; some are widely used in African herbal medicine due to their ethnopharmacological properties. Numerous species of this plant have been used and expended owing to high pharmaco-constituents following their phytochemical screening and evaluations. The recent incidence of multidrug-resistant strains and reduced receptiveness to antibiotics has raised serious anxiety in health delivery and the need for an urgent search for new antibiotics mediators from nature. A countless number of natural substances have resulted from the Combretum species as medicine and are utilized traditionally for the management of bacteriological infection. The plants have received comprehensive documentation as a good cradle of natural constituents that can be categorized into four groups following their biosynthetic source: alkaloids, terpenoids, polyketides, and phenylpropanoids. The study deals with the ethnobotanical and pharmacological significance of the Combretum species for treating numerous ailments and diseases.

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Background: The present study aimed to extract, evaluate the physicochemical properties, and chemical characterization of the seed Enterolobium cyclocarpum. E. cyclocarpum is a legume of the Leguminosae family. It is used as foliage, for animal feeding and oil is extracted for several application in folk medicine for the treatment of sore throat, colds, diarrhea, headache, intestinal ailments, and stomachache. The leaf infusion is used as a laxative In the West Indies; seeds are chewed for a sore throat. Methods: Three hundred grams (300 g) of each of the pulverized samples were extracted with 100% hexane using Soxhlet extractor to produce a light-brown oil of low viscosity. The physicochemical properties of the oil were analyzed using AOAC standard methods, while the oil components were characterized on an HP-5MS column Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The yield of the oil is very low (only 4.11 % by weight), Fatty acid composition showed that undecanoic acid methyl ester (36.68%) was the dominant fatty acid, followed by 3-linoleic acid (25.04%), and 2-linolelaidic acid methyl ester (12.98%). Physicochemical properties of themed oil were moisture content (0.85%); refractive index (25oC), 1.45; Specific gravity, 0.86±0.02; iodine value, 68.55±0.02/100 g of oil; peroxide value, 6.58±0.03 meq. O2/kg of oil; free fatty acids, 2.63±0.01 mg of KOH/g of oil; acid value, 5.26±0.02 mg of KOH/g of oil; saponification value, 189.00±0.03; Unsaponifiable value, 0.66±0.01%. Conclusion: This study has shown that the seed oil of E. cyclocarpum displayed properties and constituents as a substitute oil for industrial, pharmaceutical, and domestic applications.

Pollution removal from contaminated water is a vital step in environmental and human health protection. For impoverished countries, using biomaterials to remove heavy metals from polluted water is an environmentally benign and cost-effective strategy. In this study, Moringa Oleifera pod-Modified Feldspar Clay (MFC) was calcined after being modified with the Moringa Oleifera pod. The efficiency of these adsorbents in the aqueous solution adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions was investigated as a function of pH, time, initial concentration, and temperature. The adsorption maximum capacities of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ by MFC were 54.42 mg·g−1, 41.26 mg·g−1, and 35.16 mg·g−1 , respectively. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations ascertain and used to analyze the equilibrium isotherm data. The adsorption process fit the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics well in all cases, and the Langmuir isotherm equation fit the experimental data well. ∆G0 values up to -10 kJ.mol-1 are coherent with electrostatic interaction between adsorption sites and the metal ion, physisorption.