Objectives: COVID-19 ‘Corona Virus Disease-2019’ was declared Public Health Emergency. The objective was to assess knowledge of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) among health care workers. Study Design: Cross Sectional Observational study. Setting: Naz Memorial Hospital. Period: 13th to 21st March 2020. Material & Methods: This study using consecutive sampling technique was done among health care workers including doctors and other health care workers (HCW). After ethical approval from the IRB, data collection was done. Questionnaire was made for assessing knowledge. For data entering, SPSS version 23.0 was used. The responses were reported and expressed as frequency and percentages. Results: 60 doctors, 90 nurses and other health care workers, all doctors and 87 % HCW regarded COVID-19 as problem for all communities. 90 % doctors, 80 % HCW felt work performance being affected. All study participants agreed COVID-19 affected their social and psychological life. 30 % doctors and 80 % HCW regarded all coronavirus patients experience fever, dry cough, tiredness and difficulty in breathing. Almost all participants regarded coronavirus could spread from human-to-human contact; mortality related to co-morbid and age extremes. No participant knew how to handle COVID-19 patient due to unavailability of guidelines. Conclusion: Most doctors were aware of the knowledge regarding novel COVID-19, however some health care workers were not fully aware of consequences and effects of coronavirus. Being the first in line of duty to manage COVID-19 patients it is vital to provide guideline in addition to safety measures for ensuring proper treatment and limit spread of disease.

Aims and objectives: Current study was conducted in Department of cardiology, Hayatabad medical complex Peshawar, for one year of duration. The aims and objective of this study was to deliver health awareness and description of a biological hypothesis i.e. obesity paradox, among our community. Methodology: 250 patients with a history of cardiac complications were selected and divided into two different groups. 100 individuals with BMI > 25 were in group A and their history of systolic heart failure was positive while in Group-B 150 patients with BMI< 35 were selected and their systolic heart failure history were negative. Conclusion: Obesity paradox provides survival against systolic heart failure in high BMI cardiac patients this was the findings of this study. On the other side cardiorespiratory fitness also play an important role in severity, and survival. It has seen that obesity was found protective in cardiac diseases and there is a strong relationship between body mass index and obesity paradox in heart failure. The standard mean deviation levels of BMI, systolic blood pressure, percentage of ECG variation, oxygen saturation of exercise tolerance test were significant (P<0.005) in group-B as compared to the group-A. Keywords: Obesity paradox, systolic heart failure, Body mass index, oxygen saturation

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with hyperglycemia among type 2 diabetics. The objective of this study was to compare the H. pylori infection frequency in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Methods: This case-control study was done at Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital from May 2019 to August 2019. After written and informed consent, patients between 18-75 years with epigastric burning, dyspepsia, regurgitation were included and with history of eradication therapy, antibiotic or NSAID use in the last 6 months or surgery of upper GI tract months were excluded. Type 2 diabetics were placed in one group and non-diabetic individuals in another. Both groups were compared for presence of H. pylori infection. Data was analysed using SPSS. Demographic variables included age, gender and status of H. pylori infection. Quantitative data was expressed as frequency and percentages. Chi-square test was applied to test for significance keeping p-value of <0.05 statistically significant.Results: From 480 patients, 355 patients showed positive H. pylori, among them 282 were diabetic and 73 non-diabetic (p-value <0.001). Amongst the 355 diabetics, 55% were male Among 73 non-diabetics, 64% were male. All the patients in the study had dyspeptic symptoms and complained of dyspepsia, epigastric burning and regurgitation.Conclusions: A substantial relationship between H. pylori infection among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was observed compared to non-diabetics. As a result, diabetic patients having active dyspeptic symptoms should undergo further confirmatory tests for diagnosing H. pylori infection.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of silent cardiac ischemia in diabetic patients with type II diabetes. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Fazaia Medical College, Islamabad from January, 2022 to June, 2022. Methods: Total 115 patients of type-II diabetes mellitus were presented in this study. After taking a thorough medical history, the patient had electrocardiography (ECG) both before and after exercise tolerance testing. This was done in addition to recording their height, blood pressure, weight, and fasting blood sugar levels (ETT). Changes in the electrocardiogram were analysed, and the patient was classified as having silent cardiac ischemia or not depending on the results of the ECG. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: There were 75 (65.2%) males and 40 (34.8%) females in this study. The mean age was 51.13± 10.29 years and had mean BMI 26.7±8.44 kg/m2. Mean fasting blood sugar was 171±22 mg/dl. Frequency of hypertension was found in 47 (40.9%) cases and 38 (33.04%) patients were smokers. We found that 50 (43.5%) cases had silent cardia ischemia. There was a strong correlation between silent cardiac ischemia and factors such as increasing age, prolonged duration of diabetes mellitus, a smoking history, a history of hypertension, and an increased body mass index (p-value 0.05). Conclusion: We observed that silent cardiac is quite frequent in our population, which necessitates immediate measures to diagnose this issue early for the sake of improved results in the future. Keywords: Type II diabetes mellitus, BMI, Silent cardiac ischemia, Hypertension