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Purpose The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of the audio–visual storytelling method and the "tell–show–do" (TSD) technique on reducing children's dental anxiety. Methods A controlled clinical trial study was performed with two experimental groups and a control group. Forty-five 6-to-9 years old children were randomly divided into the groups. Venham Picture Test and Facial Image scale were used as measurement tools. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to evaluate the interventions. Results The results of the post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the control group and storytelling group according to both anxiety scales ( p = 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the control group and TSD group according to both anxiety scales ( p = 0.01). Conclusion The audio–visual storytelling appears an effective, applicable method for reducing children's dental anxiety. However, it is significant to select an appropriate story and also to consider the dentist–patient relationship.

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Background: Various factors can be associated with nomophobia in teenagers due to their sensitive age during puberty. Establishing effective communication and social relations is one of the most important concerns for teenagers and young people.

Background & aim: The prevalence of Covid 19 disease has different consequences in economic, social and psychological levels. Anxiety is one of the psychological consequences of this disease. Some individual variables, such as defense mechanisms has important role in anxiety. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the relationship between the use of various defense mechanisms and the anxiety of corona virus. Methods:The present descriptive correlational study was conducted in 2020. The statistical population of the study was selected from all people aged 20 to 80 years in the southern provinces of the country, including Fars, Khuzestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Isfahan. Sampling method was available and based on the consent of individuals for cooperation. This method was selected due to Covid 19 disease limitations. The anxiety questionnaires and Andrewsm singh and Bond defense mechanisms were completed virtually through social networks. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression tests. Results:The results revealed that high levels of Coronavirus anxiety (in physical and mental dimensions) were positively correlated with high scores in psychologically disturbed and underdeveloped defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms furthermore predicted 58% of Coronavirus anxiety. Based on beta coefficients, among the three defense mechanisms, the highest positive and statistically significant effect power was not statistically related to the defense mechanism (β=29) and the lowest effect was the psychologically disturbed defense mechanism (β=21) and the defense mechanism was developed. It had a negative predictive power(β= -27). Conclusion:The results disclosed that proper use of defense mechanisms is one of the ways to maintain mental health and in dealing with any crisis, apart from health measures, attention to intrapersonal variables, especially in the field of defense styles and confrontations, can help to develop more complete and indigenous treatment protocols.