Background: Treatment of wounds in diabetes often gets less than perfect healing. One of the reasons for the difficulty in treating wounds in diabetes is the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. This study aims to determine the pulse voltage and treatment time that can optimally inactivate bacteria, and their effect on wound healing in mice suffering from diabetes. Methods: The study used electrical stimulation with a direct voltage of 10 volts given a pulse voltage of 50-80 volts, a width of 50 µs, and the number of pulses of 65 per second. The research samples were Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudo-monas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria that grew on beef and mice (Mus musculus) with diabetes. The treatment for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria was carried out using a pulse voltage of 50-80 volts for 5-15 min/day and repeated for 3 days. Meanwhile, treatment of mice wounds was carried out with a pulse voltage of 80 volts for 15 min/day and repeated for 7 days. Results: The results showed that treatment with a pulse voltage of 50-80 volts and a treatment time of 5-15 min significantly reduced the number of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria in beef (p£0.05). Treatment with a pulse voltage of 80 volts for 15 min made beef free from bacteria. Meanwhile, treatment with a pulse voltage of 80 volts for 15 min per day for seven days resulted in the wound state of three mice in the maturation phase and two mice in the proliferation phase on day 8 with an average wound area of 0.108 cm 2. Conclusion: The treatment with a pulse voltage of 80 volts for 15 min made the beef sterile, the mice wounds healed quickly, and the mice not stressed. The higher the blood glucose level, the slower the wound healing process.
ABSTRAK:Gamelan merupakan salah satu alat musik tradisional dari pulau Jawa. Seperangkat gamelan terdiri dari berbagai macam alat musik yang dimainkan secara bersamasama. Karena perpaduan antara bunyi gamelan satu dengan bunyi gamelan yang lainnya menggambarkan keselaraasan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu, peminat gamelan semakin sedikit dan orang pembuat gamelan juga semakin sulit dijumpai.Gamelan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: Gong, Kempul, Kenong dan Bonang Penerus. Bunyi gamelan akan diidentifikasi dengan caramencari frekuensi-frekuensi bunyi gamelannya. Dengan menggunakan metode Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) suatu bunyi yang berdomain waktu dapat diubah menjadi domain frekuensi dengan salah satu software Matlab.Proses dalam jaringan syaraf tiruan Backpropagation ini menggunakan jumlah neuron yang bervariasi, diantaranya: 70, 80, 90, 100 dan 110 untuk mengetahui keakuratan jaringan dalam mengenali data yang diujikan. Hanya jumlah neuron 110 lah yang dapat mengenali data pengujian sebesar 99% untuk data pengujian pelatihan dengan MSE 0.0001233 pada epoch ke 1000. Maka hasil dalam penelitian ini jaringan dapat mengenali data pengujian dengan benar. Sehingga mengidentifikasi spektrum bunyi menggunakan jaringan syaraf tiruan dapat digunakan untuk mengenali berbagai bunyi gamelan bahkan bunyi yang lainnya.Kata Kunci: Gamelan, Bunyi, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Frekuensi, Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan, Backpropagation, Matlab. ABSTRACK:Gamelan is a traditional music instrument of the island of Java. A set of gamelan consists of various kinds of musical instruments being played together. Due to a combination of sounds gamelan with the sound of the gamelan others describe harmony in social life. But over time, the less the gamelan enthusiasts and the instrument maker is also increasingly difficult to find. Gamelan used in this study are: Gong, Kempul, Kenong and Bonang Penerus. The sound of the gamelan will be identified by looking for gamelan sound frequencies. By using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) has a sound that can be converted into time domain frequency domain with one of the Matlab software. The process in this Artificial neural network backpropagation method using varying number of neurons, including: 70, 80, 90, 100 and 110 to determine the accuracy of the data network in recognizing tested. 110 was the only number of neurons that can recognize 99% of the test data to test data training with MSE 0.0001233 at epoch to 1000. So the results of this research network can recognize the test data correctly. Thus identifying sound spectrum using artificial neural networks can be used to recognize the various sounds of gamelan sound even more.
ABSTRAK:Studi optimalisasi tegangan keluaran dari solar sel menggunakan lensa pemfokus cahaya matahari (lensa konvergen) bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebarapa besar pengaruh penggunaan lensa terhadap peningkatan nilai intensitas cahaya dan tegangan yang dihasilkan oleh solar sel, solar cell merupakan konverter energi cahaya menjadi energi listrik. Solar cell yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah solar cell jenis policrystal dan amorphous. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengukur nilai intensitas, voltase dan arus listrik dari solar cell, kemudian menghitung nilai daya dan efisiensi dari solar cell dan membandingkan nilainya antara solar cell yang menggunakan lensa konvergen dan yang tidak menggunakan lensa konvergen. Berdasarkan hasil data penelitian, lensa konvergen mempengaruhi besarnya daya dari cahaya yang digunakan, sehingga intensitas dan energi cahaya meningkat dan mempengaruhi nilai voltase dan arus listrik dari solar cell. Untuk solar cell jenis policrystal efisiensi dapat ditingkatkan sampai 35.08%. Dan untuk solar cell jenis amorphous dapat ditingkatkan sampai 31.77%.Kata Kunci: Intensitas, Konvergen, Solar Cell, Policrystal, Amorphous. PENDAHULUANDalam era globalisasi dan modernisasi, setiap aspek kehidupan manusia tidak lepas dari sarana-sarana penunjang, baik dalam lingkungan rumah tangga maupun industri, dan setiap sarana memerlukan energi untuk dapat bekerja, dan dalam pemanfaatan energi diperlukan kebijakan dan pengaturan yang lebih baik dan terencana yang dikenal sebagai konservasi energi. Konservasi energi adalah penggunaan energi yang disertai usaha-usaha mencari teknologi baru dengan memanfaatkan sumber energi terbarui (misalnya sinar matahari, tenaga air dan panas bumi) dengan lebih efisien. Untuk jangka panjang, konservasi energi dapat menggunakan energi sedemikian rupa sehingga dapat menekan kerugian energi seminimal mungkin. Sedangkan untuk jangka pendek, konservasi energi dapat dilakukan melalui langkah-langkah penghematan energi maupun penggunaan energi yang terdapat di alam misalnya panas matahari.Bila ditinjau dari sumber pengadaan energi saat ini. Sumber energi dunia masih sangat bergantung pada energi fosil, yang tidak dapat diperbarui lagi dengan jumlah sangat terbatas dan semakin lama semakin menipis serta pada suatu saat akan habis. Menurut Christ Lewis dalam bukunya yang berjudul Biological Fuels memperkirakan bahwa gas alam akan habis pada tahun 2047, minyak bumi pada tahun 2080, dan batu bara pada tahun 2180. Hal ini disebabkan karena energi fosil dieksplorasi secara besar-besaran dan tidak sebanding dengan waktu pembentukan energi fosil tersebut.
Globally, sesame consumption continues to increase, so it requires additional production to balance. Often there are obstacles in the production process, both technique and the presence of pests. One way to increase production is to treat it with a magnetic field during seed growth and germination. This study aims to determine the magnetic flux density (MFD) to obtain the optimal stem growth, chlorophyll content, fruit size, and plant resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. The seeds are processed by giving treatment using a MFD of 0.0-0.5 mT, which oscillates with a frequency of 50 Hz. Plant seeds were treated using a magnetic field every day for five days with a treatment time of 20 minutes each. The results showed that sesame seeds treated with magnetic fields had earlier emergence time of sprouts, higher stems, more chlorophyll content, faster flowering, larger fruit sizes, and more resistance to F. oxysporum wilt attacks. Treatment with a MFD of 0.3 mT resulted in optimal plant growth, health, and resistance to F. oxysporum attack. Treatment of seeds using magnetic fields ranging from wetting the seeds to germinating makes the plants healthier, bigger fruits, and more resistant to F. oxysporum wilt attacks.
Increasing the productivity of soybean plants using environmentally friendly techniques is urgently needed. This study aimed to determine the magnetic field (MF) treatment time that can optimize soybean growth and productivity. This study used soybean seed samples of the Grobogan variety. The seeds were obtained from the Research Institute for Various Nuts and Roots-Indonesia. The treatment was performed using MF of 0.3 mT, with treatment times varying from 0 to 30 minutes. Each treatment group was repeated once a day for five days. This study obtained the results that the time of MF treatment affected the sprouts' emergence time, plant growth, fruiting time, seed weight, and production per plant. Optimal results were obtained from seeds treated with a MF for 20 minutes. Treatment with time-varying MF requires lower magnetic flux density (MFD) and treatment time than stationary MF. Treatment time that is too long can reduce germination, plant growth, and soybean productivity
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