Background: The Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative bacterium which is found in majority of population in all over the world. It is possible due to contaminated food consumption, working in unsanitary condition and the use of public toilets with poor sanitation. In the field of gastroenterology infection caused by H. pylori and functional dyspepsia are most common clinical issue but their association is also unclear. Aim: To determine the frequency of Helicobacter Pylori in patients with presenting with Dyspepsia in Civil Hospital, Khairpur Study Design: Descriptive Cross sectional study. Duration of study: One year from 01-Jan- 2019 to 31-12-2019. Setting: Institute of Microbiology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur. Methodology: All the patients between 15 to 60 years of age, admitted patients of dyspepsia were diagnosed and evaluated for Helicobacter pylori infection through histopathological examination. Results: Total 100 subjects with dyspepsia were screened for Helicobacter pylori infection. Mean age of patients was 40.0 ±15.40. Majority of patients with H. pylori positive were from age group between 40-60 years, from which 56.7% of them were H. pylori positive; while 30% of patients were from age between 20-40 years of age and only 13.3% were from age below 20 years of age Conclusion: The dyspeptic patients are prone to acquire Helicobacter pylori infection therefore present study reported 30% prevalence for H. pylori infection with male gender predominance. Key words: Dyspepsia, Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Peptic ulcer, histopathology, endoscopy

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a resource-limited method for low-birth-weight babies that seeks to mitigate mortality rates by thermoregulation, breastfeeding assistance, and early hospital discharge. Methods: This study was carried out at GIMS hospital Khairpur Kangaroo Mother Care Unit at PAQSJIMS between August 2019 to September 2020. A total of hundred mothers and their infants were enrolled in the study. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was employed. A Questionnaire filled with the permission of admitted mother and primary data collected as per proforma i.e. date of admission, mother name, address, age, parity, gravida, date of delivery, place of delivery, Type of delivery, gestation at birth (weeks), birth weight, gender, Date of KMS admission, weight at KMC, discharge date of KMC, weight of Discharge KMC, status at the time of discharge and cause of death (if any). All mothers used KMC kits and the infant weight at admission and discharge were documented. Results: The average age (Figure 1) of mothers was recorded as 31.69 (20-40 years). The babies weight at the time of KMC unit admission was recorded as 0.7 – 1.8 grams and after 3-4 weeks admission the babies survived and gained weight recorded at time of discharge was 0.8 to 2.2 grams which showed that all mothers used kits properly, and all babies survived. Conclusions: All mothers were pleased to operate KMC kits. KMC is a very innovative technique to save the lives of premature newborns. This therapy emphasizes mothers for continuous skin-to-skin touch with infants, as well as wrapping the child in a warm blanket. The availability of space facilities and capacity building for health workers are therefore the fundamental requirements that must be funded by international aid agencies in order to scale up the initiative in these environments. Keywords: Neonatal survival, KMC, care, breastfeeding.

Background and Aim: The clinical tuberculosis infection risk increases with rheumatoid arthritis and its medication. Chronic systemic inflammation caused by rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease may affect various organs and tissues. The present study was aimed to assess the frequency of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients taking DMARDS at Khairpur Medical College/ Hospital Khairpur. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients at the Department of Internal Medicine of Khairpur Medical College/Hospital Khairpur from March 2019 to July 2021. All the patients with cough for >3 weeks were enrolled by taking three sputum sample and risk assessment questionnaire. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli presence was identified based on acid fast staining technique. Tuberculosis incidence, medical records, and clinical manifestation were explored. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 249 patients, 226 (90.8%) were male and 23 (9.2%) were females. The overall mean age was 65.73±7.53 years. The incidence of tuberculosis with rheumatoid arthritis was 4-fold. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and disseminated tuberculosis was 59 (72.8%) and 22 (27.2%) respectively in rheumatoid disease patients. The incidence of tuberculosis with rheumatoid arthritis reduced from 47.6 to 28 per 100 000 with p<0.001. Conclusion: Our study found that pulmonary tuberculosis was more prevalent (72.7%) among adult tuberculosis patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Compared to general population, the tuberculosis incidence among rheumatoid arthritis patients was 4-fold. Keywords: Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, DMARDS

Background: H. pylori is a microaerophilic Gram-negative bacterium, spiral in shape. It infects approximately half of the population across the world. Aims: to assess the antibiotic resistance of H. pylori as well as the potential of medical plant extracts to inhibit resistant strains. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Microbiology Institute, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir’s from January 2019 to December 2019. Endoscopy was used to obtain samples from the gastrointestinal ward of teaching hospital of KMC, Khairpur. H. pylori was isolated, identified and inoculated. From the local market, ginger roots, garlic roots, kalonji seeds, and mint leaves were acquired and extracts were prepared. RESULTS: Antimicrobial sensitivity of extracts (Garlic, ginger, kalonji and mint) against H. pylori was tested by agar well-diffusion method. All herbal extracts showed more sensitivity extracted in ethanol as compared to distilled water. In contrast mint did not give any results. Ethanol extracts are found to be very effective against H. pylori as compared to distilled water extracts. Conclusion: Garlic, ginger, and kalonji all demonstrated antibacterial property towards H. pylori. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Plant Extracts, Inhibition Zone