ABSTRACT:Water deficit can have negative effects on grain formation. I investigated the relationships between the characters of durum wheat (Triticum durum) and yield under drought stress and identified the most effective components of yield. I used 49 durum wheat genotypes (43 exotic and 6 local lines), in a lattice design (7×7) replicated twice, during tillering, stem elongation, anthesis and grain filling. There were positive correlations among harvest index (r=0,849), plant height (r=0,695), tillering (r=0,689), peduncle length (r=0,466) and grain yield. The number of seeds per spike (0,432), spike length (0,410) and 1 000 seed weight (0,385) had the highest direct effect on yield.Key words: Correlation, drought stress, durum wheat, Triticum, path analysis RESUMEN: Evaluación del rendimiento de semillas de trigo duro (Triticum durum) bajo estrés por sequía y determinación de la correlación entre algunos componentes del rendimiento utilizando el análisis de senderos. Los efectos del déficit hídrico pueden ser negativos en la formación del grano. Investigué las relaciones entre los caracteres del trigo duro (Triticum durum) y el rendimiento bajo estrés por sequía e identifiqué los componentes más efectivos del rendimiento. Utilicé 49 genotipos de trigo duro (43 exóticas y 6 locales), en un diseño de celosía (7×7) replicado dos veces, durante el macollamiento, elongación del tallo, antesis y relleno de grano. Hubo correlaciones positivas entre el índice de cosecha (r=0,849), la altura de la planta (r=0,695), nú-mero de macollas (r=0,689), la longitud del pedúnculo (r=0,466) y el rendimiento de grano. La cantidad de semillas por espiga (0,432), longitud de espiga (0,410) y 1 000 semillas de peso (0,385) tuvo el mayor efecto directo sobre el rendimiento.

Alfalfa is a fodder crop that accounts for one of the best sources of protein and is widely cultivated around the world. In vitro regeneration of alfalfa has been studied earlier; however, most of the studies were almost intervened with callus formation. In this study, 3 explant sources (cotyledonary node, hypocotyl, and root crown) of two Turkish cultivars (Nimet and Savaş) were excised from young seedlings. Explants were subjected to different concentrations of BAP, BAP-IBA, and TDZ to evaluate the direct in vitro regeneration potential of selected plant parts. Moreover, we transformed the alfalfa plant with pBin19 harboring 35s.GUS-INT_35s.nptII construct to investigate the transformation efficiency and regeneration frequency after bacterial inoculation. The transformation was carried out by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV2260. The highest mean number of regenerated shoots per explant was recorded as 8.5, 6.66, and 6.33 shoots per explant after cotyledonary node explants were treated with BAP (0.40 mg/L), BAP-IBA (1.25-0.06 mg/L), and TDZ (0.55 mg/L), respectively. The highest gene transformation frequency was 9.52% and 6.19% based on PCR and GUS assays. The regeneration frequency was decreased by up to 48.1% under kanamycin selection pressure. The effect of cultivar on shoot regeneration frequency, mean number of regenerated shoots, and gene transformation efficiency was significant. This study contributes to in vitro regeneration of alfalfa crop and its genetic transformation which could be utilized in future gene transformation studies.

The study was carried out in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 for two years in order to determine the best Hungarian vetch varieties in Iğdır Karakoyunlu county farmer conditions. The experiment was designed according to the Random Blocks Experimental Design with four replications. There were differences among the vetch varieties in terms of herbage, hay, seed yield and crude protein ratio, According to the two years average results, the herbage yield between 2607-3107 kg da-1, hay yield 644.7-741.3 kg da-1, and 86.09-101.1 kg da-1 the seed yield 75,17-111.3 kg da-1, the crude protein rate 16,01-19.42 varied.

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ÖzBu çalışmanın amacı; kışlık kolzaya farklı zamanlarda ve değişik dozlarda humik asit uygulamalarının verim ve verim öğelerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Ankara koşullarında 2013-2014 yılında Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünmüş Parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemede Bristol çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Humik asit dozları olarak (0, 250, 500, 1000 ml/da) 4 farklı doz uygulanmıştır. Humik asit uygulama zamanları olarak; çıkış, 6-8 yapraklı, sapa kalkma, çiçeklenme dönemleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada; bitki boyu, ana sapa bağlı yan dal sayısı, ana saptaki kapsül sayısı, kapsülde tohum sayısı, bin tohum ağırlığı ve tohum verimine ait ölçüm ve gözlemler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda ele alınan özelliklerin tamamında humik asit uygulama zamanları ve dozları arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek değerler, bitki boyunda 118.60 cm ile 6-8 yapraklı dönemde ve 250 ml/da humik asit uygulamasından, ana saptaki kapsül sayısı 30.77 adet ile sapa kalkma ve 500 ml/da humik asit dozundan, bin tohum ağırlığı 3.68 g ile 6-8 yapraklı dönemde ile kontrol uygulamasından ve tohum verimi değeri de 238.40 kg/da ile 6-8 yapraklı dönemde ve 250 ml/da uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada genel olarak, humik asit dozlarından 250 ve 500 ml/da uygulamalarının ve uygulama zamanı olarak da 6-8 yapraklı ve sapa kalkma dönemlerinin incelenen özellikler bakımından daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği gözlenmiştir. Effects Humic Acid Application at Different Stages of Growth on Yield and Yield Components of Winter Rapeseed Crops AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of durations of different doses of humic acids on yield and yield components of winter rapeseed. The study was carried out at Ankara, the experiment was established as split block design with three replications during 2013-2014. Cv. Bristol was used in the experiment. Humic acid doses of 0, 250, 500, 1000 ml/da were applied. Humic acid was applied at 6-8 leaves stage, bolting and flowering stages. In the study; plant height, number of branches on main stem, number of capsules per main stem, number of seeds per capsule, one thousand seed weight and seed yield were the parameters for which observations were taken. In all of the parameters, discussed in the results of the study statistically significant differences were noted between humic acid application stages and dose. The maximum plant height of 118.60 cm was noted at humic acid application at 6-8 leaf stage using 250 ml/da. The maximum number of 30.77 capsules were noted on main stem at when humic acid was applied at bolting stage using 500 ml/da humic acid. Thousand seed weight of 3.68 g was noted at 6-8 leaf stage on control treatment. Maximum seed yield (238.40 kg/da was noted at 250 ml/da humic acid application at 6-8 leaf stage. Generally, humic acid doses of 250 and 500 ml/da were more productive on all traits after their application at 6-8 leaves stage and bolting stage that resulted in better yields.