Ad4BP/SF-1 (NR5A1) was identified as a key regulator of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal and -adrenal axes. Loss-of-function studies revealed that Ad4BP/SF-1 is essential for the development of these tissues and spleen. Here, we generated transgenic mouse with BAC recombinants carrying a dual promoter and Tet-off system. These recombinants have a potential to express lacZ and Ad4BP/SF-1 in the tissues where endogenous Ad4BP/SF-1 is expressed. However, protein level of Ad4BP/SF-1 varied among the tissues of the transgenic mice and probably thereby the target tissues are affected differentially. The BAC-transgenic mice were applied to rescue Ad4BP/SF-1 KO mouse. Interestingly, the mice successfully rescued the gonad and spleen but failed to rescue the adrenal gland. This variation might be dependent on in part the protein expression levels among the tissues and in part on differential sensitivities to the gene dosage.

The natural compound of black tea is used as an alternative of obesity therapies in the world; particularly, the catechin family in tea leaves which has bioactive compounds such as EC, EGC and EGCG. Their bioactivity contributes to inhibit the ligand of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor (Igf-1r) binding-region to Igf-1 protein. To elucidate the inhibiton of Igf-1 expression and proliferating of Rattus norvegicus strain wistar adipose cell using black tea solution. The research used Rattus norvegicus strain wistar. After a 90-day treatment, the adipose tissues were picked up from the viscera of each experimental animal, and then the adipose tissues were embedded by paraffin. The paraffin sections were determined through immunohistochemistry with anti-Igf-1 antiserum, and were also analyzed through hematoxylin-eosin. A protein sequence of Igf-1, Igf-1r, and 3D structure of EC, EGC and EGCG from Gene Bank sites were used during in silico analysis. The sequences were aligned by BLAST program to identify the conserve and variable domain of IGF-1 protein isoforms. The 3D structures of IGF-1 and IGF-1R were constructed using Phyre program. The ligand among the 3D structures of IGF-1, IGF-1R and catechin compounds were analyzed using Hex 5.1 docking program. The data showed that the Igf-1 expression of adipose cells was reduced at 0,03 g/ml BTS and 0,045 g/ml BTS treatments. The result of BLAST analysis showed that IGF-1 (a, b, c, and d) isoforms conserved a domain from amino acid no 22 until 134; and this region was a variable region. The EGCG bound L1 domain of IGF-1R with E-total -235.3 KJ/mol which was lower than EC (-208,4 KJ/mol) and EGC (-142 KJ/mol). The total energy of IGF-1 (a, b, c, but not d isoform) which interacted with EGCG was around -223.7 KJ/mol, EC is -205.6 KJ/mol and EGC was -191.7 KJ/mol. However, EC, EGC and EGCG was only able to prevent the interaction between the L1 of IGF-1R with IGF-1 protein, but not the opposite.

The improvement of the quality of polluted irrigation water through a phytoremediation process in a hydroponic batch culture system AIP Conference Proceedings 1908, 030003 (2017) Abstract. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a degenerative disease that causes an imbalance in the metabolism. The aim of this research is to determine the influences of CSN1S2 on the structure of microglial cells in T2DM. Rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into eight groups of treatment with looping three times each between treatment groups (CM) Control. The control is given a milk treatment with doses of 375 mg/kg (CM375), 750 mg/kg (CM750), and 1500 mg/kg (CM1500), T2DM (DMK), and T2DM with CSN1S2 375 mg/kg dose (DM375), 750mg/kg (DM750), and 1500 mg/kg (DM1500). The animal model T2DM was induced by a high-fat diet in the form of feed followed by injection of STZ (dose of 25 mg/kg of animal treatment) and treatment of CSN1S2 for 28 days. Brain organs were taken and analysed in histopathology stained by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and observed using Olympus BX53. Based on the results, it was concluded that CSN1S2 protein is influential for induction of microglial cell proliferation in animal models of T2DM, as immunity responds to the inflammatory condition in T2DM.

The saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains a complex mixture of biologically active proteins. These proteins may modify hemostatic responses and induce both cellular immunity and the production of specific antibodies, and thus influence the transmission of its pathogens from arthropods vector to human host. Aedes aegypti is the main vector for transmission of dengue viruses into human. The objective of this study was to examine individual human sera response against protein extracts from salivary gland of Ae. aegypti that mediate the infection of dengue viruses. We did a cross reaction test of human sera from healthy people in endemic and non-endemic area, and dengue patients againts SGE of Ae. aegypti to distinguish and to identify the immunogenic proteins using Western Blot Analysis. About 15 protein bands of SGE from Ae. aegypti ranging from 15 kDa up to 255 kDa were identified on 12% SDS-PAGE. Seven dominant bands were detected, i.e ~255, 56, 42, 31, 27, 26 and 15 kDa. Two immunogenic proteins, as represented by two bands, i.e. ~31 and 56 kDa were found only in samples from people who were previously exposed to mosquitoes bites, and not in people who had not been exposed. Therefore, these immunogenic salivary proteins may serve as indicators for the immune response in human against protein from salivary gland of Ae. aegypti.