INDIVIDUAL HUMAN SERA RESPONSE AGAINST PROTEIN EXTRACTS FROM SALIVARY GLAND OF <i>Aedes aegypti</i>

Abstract

The saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains a complex mixture of biologically active proteins. These proteins may modify hemostatic responses and induce both cellular immunity and the production of specific antibodies, and thus influence the transmission of its pathogens from arthropods vector to human host. Aedes aegypti is the main vector for transmission of dengue viruses into human. The objective of this study was to examine individual human sera response against protein extracts from salivary gland of Ae. aegypti that mediate the infection of dengue viruses. We did a cross reaction test of human sera from healthy people in endemic and non-endemic area, and dengue patients againts SGE of Ae. aegypti to distinguish and to identify the immunogenic proteins using Western Blot Analysis. About 15 protein bands of SGE from Ae. aegypti ranging from 15 kDa up to 255 kDa were identified on 12% SDS-PAGE. Seven dominant bands were detected, i.e ~255, 56, 42, 31, 27, 26 and 15 kDa. Two immunogenic proteins, as represented by two bands, i.e. ~31 and 56 kDa were found only in samples from people who were previously exposed to mosquitoes bites, and not in people who had not been exposed. Therefore, these immunogenic salivary proteins may serve as indicators for the immune response in human against protein from salivary gland of Ae. aegypti.

Potential Use of Mosquito’s Salivary Components as Novel Target for The Development of Transmission Blocking Vaccine (TBV)

“…Investigation of specific components important for immune response in relation to pathogen transmission started in our research group by using SG of Ae. Aegypti (Oktarianti et al 2013). As seen in Fig 2, we were able to identify specific protein portions of Aedes aegypti SG with molecular weight of ~ 56 and 31 kDa, which were able to cross react only with sera of individuals from endemic area (individual response).…”

“…aegypti (31 & 56 kDa) recognized by only human antibody from sera of people living in endemic area or sera of dengue patient. Sera from people living in non endemic area were taken from Japanese who had never traveled to tropical countries(Oktarianti et al 2013; 2014…”

Humoral Immune Response (IgG) of BALB/c Mice (Mus musculus) Post-injection by 56 kDa Immunogenic Protein Extract from the Salivary Glands of Aedes aegypti L.

“…This study result indicates that person residing in endemic areas have antibodies anti-56 kDa and anti-36 kDa proteins because they are frequently exposed by Ae. aegypti saliva [14]. However, the host's humoral immune response (IgG) against the 56 kDa immunogenic protein from the salivary glands of Ae.…”