Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity despite the identification of major risk factors and risk reduction strategies. Myocardial infarction (MI) is a relevant cardiovascular worldwide event for morbidity and mortality. In most cases, sudden cardiac death is triggered by ischemia-related ventricular tachyarrhythmia and accounts for 50% of deaths from cardiovascular disease in developed countries. This is a descriptive analytical case control study aimed to determine D-dimer, PT and PTT level and among patients with acute myocardial infarction conducted in Sudan cardiac center hospital. Thirty patients after MI and twenty normal controls have been studied. The MI patients also include co-exist disease diabetes and hypertension, they receive different anticoagulants therapy. The result demonstrates a significant increase post MI in the mean level of D-dimer (p = 0.00) whereas none significantly compares to control group. There are no differences between INR (0.393), PTT (0.648) and PT (0.393), parameters between cases and controls. In conclusion, our study reveals higher D-dimer level among patients than the control. In conclusion, serum D-dimer levels appear to be useful for diagnosing MI and may assist in the prediction of mortality among those patients which are presented with acute chest pain or * Corresponding author. N. M. A. Ali et al. 2 known diagnosed with MI and should be done as indicator for thrombosis risk during therapy in post MI.

The current study is a prospective analytical case control study designed to investigate the relationship between Factor V Leiden G1691A, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and to the prothrombin G20210A mutation variant and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Material and Method: The study included hundred Sudanese women who experienced three or more of the adverse pregnancy loss as case group during their reproductive in the Omdurman Maternity Hospital (Sudan) these compared with ninety-four control group healthy women with at least more than two normal pregnancies and without any history of adverse pregnancy outcome or recurrent miscarriages. The study group data collected using structure questionnaire which was used to collect information about age, parity, medical and obstetric history, smoking, family medical and obstetric history, residency and relative marriage. Blood samples were collected from participants and total genomic DNA was isolated from blood leukocytes and the frequency of these gene mutations in the patients and controls were determined using PCR-restriction fragment length. Results the mutation was detected in 8 out of 100 cases (8.0%) and in 6 out of 94 controls (6.4%) (P- Value > 0.05).

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined by the consecutive loss of two or more pregnancies with the same partner. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) or recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects from 1-5% of the reproductive age couples. This diagnosis is both emotionally challenging and confusing for most couples, as the definitive diagnosis using conventional evaluations is found in fewer than half of the couples experiencing repeated loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inherited heterozygosity of factor five Leiden (FVL) G1691A and Its relation to the time of recurrent spontaneous pregnancy loss. Materials and methods: Retrospective case- control study, in which women with RPL were compared to healthy women without any evidence of spontaneous abortion. This study was undertaken at Omdurman maternity hospital in Khartoum state, Sudan. The case group consisted of one hundred women who experienced at least three or more consecutive recurrent spontaneous pregnancy loss that occurred before 20 weeks of gestation and the control group consisted of ninety five healthy women without any history of adverse pregnancy outcome.Questionnaire and direct interview were used to collect information. Genotyping was based on polymerase chain reaction. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS program version 17.0. Result: Heterozygosity for FVL alleles G/A was 8.0% in all cases and 6.4% was found in control group. Related to association with time of recurrent pregnancy loss our result shows three times (37.5%), four times (50.0%) and five times (12.5%). Conclusion: Heterozygosity of FV Leiden G1691A could be one reason for recurrent pregnancy loss and pregnancy complications among women with unexplained pregnancy loss. Our study showed that there is an association between heterozygosity for FVL G1691A and time of recurrent pregnancy loss.

Background and Objective: Along with erythrocytes, the Kidd glycoprotein exists in the kidney, where it enables the kidney to accumulate an elevated urea concentration, which is required for the kidney to produce concentrated urine. The primary objective of this research is to look for Kidd genes (Jk) in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study of 200 patients with chronic renal failure in Khartoum in the period from June 2018 to November 2021. The patients were being monitored in clinic and the majority of them were nearing the end of their chronic kidney disease (ESCKD). Results: When the positive and negative Jk Kidd antigens in ESCKD patients were compared, it was discovered that there were significant differences in urea (P-value 0.001), creatinine (P-value 0.001) and uric acid (P-value 0.04), but no difference in sodium or potassium. Conclusion:Kidd blood group influences serum urea, creatinine and uric acid levels significantly. This effect was observed in different Kidd blood group antigens, including Jka+, Jkb+ and Jka+b+. This means that the Jk group is important in estimating the severity of ESCKD; this discovery could be useful in determining dialysis time and treatment response.