Domesticated species are impacted in unintended ways during domestication and breeding. Changes in the nature and intensity of selection impart genetic drift, reduce diversity, and increase the frequency of deleterious alleles. Such outcomes constrain our ability to expand the cultivation of crops into environments that differ from those under which domestication occurred. We address this need in chickpea, an important pulse legume, by harnessing the diversity of wild crop relatives. We document an extreme domestication-related genetic bottleneck and decipher the genetic history of wild populations. We provide evidence of ancestral adaptations for seed coat color crypsis, estimate the impact of environment on genetic structure and trait values, and demonstrate variation between wild and cultivated accessions for agronomic properties. A resource of genotyped, association mapping progeny functionally links the wild and cultivated gene pools and is an essential resource chickpea for improvement, while our methods inform collection of other wild crop progenitor species.

There is growing interest in widening the genetic diversity of domestic crops using wild relatives to break linkage drag and/or introduce new adaptive traits, particularly in narrow crops such as chickpea. To this end, it is important to understand wild and domestic adaptive differences to develop greater insight into how wild traits can be exploited for crop improvement. Here, we study wild and domestic Cicer development and water-use over the lifecycle, measuring responses to reproductive water deficit, a key Mediterranean selection pressure, using mini-lysimeters (33 L round pots) in common gardens under contrasting water regimes. Wild and domestic Cicer were consistently separated by later phenology, greater water extraction and lower water use efficiency (WUE) and harvest index in the former, and much greater yield-responsiveness in the latter. Throughout the lifecycle, there was greater vegetative investment in wild, and greater reproductive investment in domestic Cicer, reflected in root and harvest indices, rates of leaf area, and pod growth. Domestic WUE was consistently greater than wild, suggesting differences in water-use regulation and partitioning. Large wild-domestic differences revealed in this study are indicative of evolution under contrasting selection pressures. Cicer domestication has selected for early phenology, greater early vigor, and reproductive efficiency, attributes well-suited to a time-delimited production system, where the crop is protected from grazing, disease, and competition, circumstances that do not pertain in the wild. Wild Cicer attributes are more competitive: higher peak rates of leaf area growth, greater ad libitum water-use, and extraction under terminal drought associated with greater vegetative dry matter allocation, leading to a lower reproductive capacity and efficiency than in domestic chickpea. These traits strengthen competitive capacity throughout the growing season and are likely to facilitate recovery from grazing, two significant selection pressures faced by wild, rather than domesticated Cicer. While increased water extraction may be useful for improving chickpea drought tolerance, this trait must be evaluated independently of the other associated wild traits. To this end, the wild-domestic populations have been developed.

ÖzBu çalışmada, Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi tarafından geliştirilen arpa genotiplerinin standart çeşitler karşısında verim ve kalite özellikleri bakımından farklılıklarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre, [2013][2014] Investigation of Yield and Quality Parameters of Barley Genotypes in Diyarbakır and Şanlıurfa Conditions AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the differences of barley genotypes that developed by Dicle University agricultural faculty, respect to check cultivars for yield and quality traits. Experiments were conducted at Dicle University, Agricultural Faculty experiment field and Siverek locations during 2013-2014 growing season. The experiment was arranged in accordance with a completely randomized block design with four replications. Three barley genotypes which developed by University of Dicle, Faculty of Agriculture and two barley genotype (Samyeli and Altıkat ) which developed by GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center were used as material. The traits of SPAD value, grain yield, thousand kernel weight, protein content, starch and test weight were investigated in study. The location effects were found out significantly different for all studied traits, while genotypic differences were found significant for all investigated traits except SPAD value. Location x genotype interaction was not significant for any traits. The grain yield of barley genotypes changed in the range of 324.3-445.8 kg/da. Highest grain yield and thousand kernel weight (46.84 g) obtained from 'Samyeli' variety. Highest protein content obtained from DZ12-2 (%16.21). Among advanced lines, DZ7-07 was determined as promising genotype.

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ÖzBu araştırma bazı bakla çeşitlerinde (Filiz-90, Eresen-87, Salkım) gübre uygulamalarının (kontrol, azot, fosfor, organik ve bakteri) verim ve verim unsurlarına etkisini araştırmak amacıyla 2018-2019 yılları arasında iki yıl süreyle Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi deneme alanında yürütülmüştür. Gübreler; 4 kg/da azot, 8 kg/da fosfor, organik gübre 150 g/da, bakteri ise tavsiye miktarı üzerinden uygulanmıştır. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak düzenlenmiştir. Tohum ekimi her iki yılda da Şubat ayının ilk haftasında, bitki hasadı Haziran ayında yapılmıştır. Araştırmada; gübre uygulamaları bitki boyu, tek bitki ağırlığı, bakla ağırlığı, bitkide bakla ve tane sayısı, biyolojik verimi ve tane verimini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Uygulamaların baklada tane sayısı, 100 tane ağırlığı ve hasat indeksi üzerine etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur. Uygulamalar arasında fosfor uygulaması diğer uygulamalara göre bitki boyu, bitkide tane sayısı, bitki ağırlığı ve bitkide tane verimini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Tane verimi kontrol grubunda 214.7 kg/da, fosfor uygulamasında 205.0 kg ile yüksek, bakteri uygulaması 179.8 kg/da ile düşük bulunmuştur. Çeşitler arasında tane verimi Eresen 87 çeşidinde 183.2 kg/da ile Filiz-90 çeşidinde 241.2 kg/da arasında değişmiştir.