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Objective: To design an optimal formulation for quercetin and vitamin C nano-phytosome. Methods: Nano-phytosomes are prepared by the thin layer hydration technique using a 2-level-5-factor design experimental. A total of 32 experimental formulas were used for data analysis. The ratio of quercetin: soy lecithin (X1), the ratio of quercetin: cholesterol (X2), stirring speed (X3), stirring temperature (X4), and stirring time (X5) were used as independent factors, while globule size as a dependent factor. Data analysis was carried out by Design Expert12® application. Characterization of the optimal formula included physicochemical evaluation, globule size analysis, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis, and FTIR analysis. Results: The optimal formula consisted of quercetin: vitamin C: lecithin: cholesterol ratio of 1: 1: 1.046: 0.105 mol; stirring speed 763.986 rpm; stirring time of 59 min, at temperature 51.73 °C which produced 59.26 nm average globule size, PDI value 0.66; zeta potential value-35.93±0.95 mV and average SPAN value 0.61. This formulation showed entrapment efficiency of quercetin 91.69±0.18 % and vitamin C 90.82±0.13 %. The TEM and FITR analysis showed the morphological of the globules and interactions between the drugs, soy lecithin, and cholesterol to form nano-phytosomes. Conclusion: The conditions to obtain the optimal formula for quercetin vitamin C nano-phytosome consisted of quercetin: vitamin C: lecithin: cholesterol ratio of 1: 1: 1.046: 0.105 mol; stirring speed 763.986 rpm; stirring time of 59 min, and at temperature 51.73 °C

Eel (Monopterus albus) is a freshwater fish that is rich with protein, amino acids, and fatty acids, which are useful as nutrients for accelerated wound healing. The gel is a semisolid dosage form that produces a membrane on the surface of the wound that serves as a wound dressing. Other dosage forms namely membrane has a function to cover the wound and also contain nutrients that play an important rule in accelerating wound healing. The Eel was extracted by a water solvent in an autoclave at 121⁰C for 15 minutes. Eel extract was formulated in a gel and membrane dosage form. Then there are test the effectiveness of the Eel extract gel and membrane on incision wound healing using commercial preparations (gel dosage form) as positive control and without medication as the negative control. The efficacy of Eel extracts from each dosage form could be seen from rat skin that has slashed in the back section taken on days 3, 6, 9, and 12. Eel extract formulated in the membranes form provides the highest value of the tensile strength test. Gel and membrane of Eel extract have effectiveness toward the healing of incision wound in rat compared with the positive control.

The most widely used surfactant is an anionic surfactant which is synthesized from petroleum namely Linear Alkylbenzene sulphonate (LABS). Methyl Ester Sulfonate which is currently being developed. Surfactant can produced from palm oil methyl ester via sulfonation sulfonate. When in this research using sodium metabisulphite. The aims of this work is to synthesize Methyl Ester Sulfonate surfactant from Palm Oil Methyl Ester using Sodium Metabisulphite and a catalyst Calcium Oxide. The effects of time and the mole ratio are also investigated. Sulfonation process carried out in 4, 5, 6 hours with mole ratio of 1: 0,5, 1:1, 1: 1,5, temperature of 80° C and with stirring speed of 450 rpm. It haven been found that the surfactant produced has density of (0.89490 g/cm 3 -0.89545 g/cm 3 ), viscosity (2.0323 cP -2.1329 cP), pH (2,03 -2,48), surface tension (32.60 mN/m -33.60 mN/m), interfacial tension (30.45 mN/m -30.94 mN/m), and the stability emulsion (59.17% -89, 17%).