From the recognition of the scientific literature it emerges that the International Paralympic Committee and the Italian Paralympic Committee, together with the Special Olympics, present a segregative imprint in sports activities, as the current Regulations allow the restricted participation to specific types of disabilities, excluding the inclusion of others, so the difficulty lies in finding a different method that is suitable for all the different types of athletes. Taking up the two approaches (cognitive and ecological), mentioned in the previous study, it is preferable to limit the method of prescriptive teaching for athletes with disabilities on 100, 200, 400m, because they must adapt to a diversity compared to non-disabled people. For this reason, the adaptation is personal and then it occurs according to the heuristic learning method. Therefore, the integration of the above mentioned approaches is proposed, giving shape to a model characterized by a specific training of organic and muscular adaptations, also in qualitative terms, with the integration of heuristic learning and types of periodization and training methods with differences in the competition rules. The aim of this study is to hypothesize, through the theoretical method, a model that is able to enhance all types of athletes, according to their specific characteristics.

Each category of disability includes a different type of training that meets your needs. Therefore it is important that each trainer is able to make adequate methodological-didactic decisions, resorting to an ecological and/or cognitive approach, depending on the objectives to be achieved. The following research aims to study the differences in the theories-methods of sprint training (100 meters) adopted in the different categories of athletes: élite able-bodied and disabled athlete. The method adopted is the archival research with the comparison of selected scientific product selected through the revision in the specific topics. The described data contains elements of the different physical characteristics of each athlete, the limits, the possibilities that each one possesses and the organic-muscular adaptations. In conclusion, it is possible to affirm that this implies a personal adaptation to the training method, capable to enhancing all types of athletes according to their specific characteristics.

An athlete, to get the best result, brings the body to its maximum through targeted and personalized training. To do this, the athlete must be in a state of psycho-physical balance and it is possible not only thanks to proper training, but above all to a correct posture. It depends on many factors and once analysed, there are different ways to improve it. The aim of the research is to demonstrate, from the recognition of scientific literature, how posture can influence sporting performance, in particular in a fast-running race, of an élite athlete and how it can be improved. Therefore, the method adopted is that of the "Prisma" protocol, with the comparison of reviews of carefully selected scientific products. The data reported in the research describe a series of mechanisms according to which our body carries out a series of adaptations, which over time, can be fixed as postural defects and which can negatively influence performance. It is therefore necessary for the athlete to acquire a good running technique by performing a series of exercises aimed at improving the tone of the various muscle areas, joint mobility, coordination and harmonious movements, associated with a targeted postural and corrective exercise program, instead, to recover the flawed attitudes. In conclusion, it is possible to affirm how, through postural correction, and therefore of specific exercises of postural reeducation and muscle tone, it is possible to achieve balance, well-being and an improvement in athletic performance.