In the context of a global educational reform movement, the principles and policies of the New Public Management (NPM) have become hegemonic to address the educational change in different countries of the world. Despite the critics received, there is a widespread perception that NPM programs are the most suitable to solve the problems that urge contemporary educational systems, which explains the massive adoption of their guidelines in different contexts. Recognizing that discursive and ideational aspects play an important role in this positioning, in this article we offer a set of conceptual and analytical tools to read critically educational policies in times of global reform. To fulfill this purpose, we examine the Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach and we link it with the Political Analysis of Discourse (PDA), a complementary analytical model to the CDA that distinguishes the specificities of the genre of public policies. Subsequently, and through an analytical exercise, we deployed a methodological – practical sequence for critical reading of texts and discourses of educational policy. Finally, we value the conceptual and analytical tools and emphasize on the need to integrate complaints and calls of hope through critical study of the discursive aspects of educational policy.

Resumen Este artículo aborda las tendencias de mercantilización y privatización educativa en Chile en la era neoliberal mediante el análisis crítico de los discursos y argumentaciones presentes en las políticas educativas de la última década para solucionar el problema de la calidad y desigualdad socioeducativa. Para ello, se analizó un corpus de promulgaciones presidenciales (2008 a la fecha) mediante Análisis Crítico de Discurso y Análisis Político de Discurso. Los resultados evidencian argumentaciones que, en efecto bucle, ofrecen soluciones de mercado a los problemas generados tras décadas de neoliberalismo en educación. Finalmente, se discuten los efectos sociolingüísticos que estos discursos generan en el debate educativo y la necesidad de desmitificar y confrontar la hegemonía neoliberal.

During recent decades, and in the context of global movements for educational reforms, a series of inclusive policies have been enacted in Chile. Based on these transformations, the objective of this article is to analyse a set of policies aimed at the attention of special needs students. Methodologically, a documentary work was conducted, in which texts related exclusively to the attention of students with special needs were selected, and which were temporarily published between 1990 and 2018. Thus, a corpus of 14 documents was obtained, seven of which are analysed in-depth in this article. The analysis of the texts occurred in two phases: first, from a hermeneutical distancing process (Ricoeur, 1986, 2003), and, later, from a deconstructive analysis (Derrida, 1997). Among the most relevant findings, the binarisation of inclusion is observed, reducing it to the erection of barriers of accessing and teaching, and the shifting from disciplinary logic associated to normalisation to others of self-regulation. Finally, the emergence of logics of standardised difference was observed, which leans toward a normocentrality, where otherness would be understood as threat.

The main purpose of this paper is to stress the epistemic and ontological proposal of the physical education. Subsequently, and using a critical reflection approach in the context of climate change and environmental crisis, the Eco-motricity proposal is presented, which represent an epistemic turn into the discipline and, in consequence, a didactic which consider the construction of a new ethic and relationships among individuals. Finally, challenges, new pathways and questions in the physical education research and the practices in the school are proposed.

El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar las diferencias en los hábitos de vida saludable entre carreras de la facultad de Educación de una universidad privada de Santiago de Chile. Para ello se aplicó el cuestionario de hábitos de vida saludable a 588 estudiantes de las carreras de educación parvularia, castellano, educación artística, educación básica, educación diferencial, educación física, historia y geografía, inglés y matemáticas. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes más sedentarios son de educación parvularia, básica, diferencial y artística (con un 57%), el consumo de tabaco y alcohol es similar en todas las carreras (39.1% y 65.5%, respectivamente) y el consumo de droga alcanza al 32%, siendo la marihuana ala más habitual (90% de los casos). Finalmente, el 67.4% de los estudiantes de educación básica declaran que la carrera en la que estudia no promueve la práctica de la actividad física y el deporte. Se puede concluir que existen diferencias en la práctica de actividad física según las carreras de pedagogía, en tanto, el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas no presenta diferencias. Los estudiantes de 1° y 2° año declaran en mayor porcentaje que los de 3° y 4° año que la universidad promueve la practica actividad física. Son necesarias más investigaciones que abarquen otras universidades del país.Abstract. The objective of this research is to determine the differences in the healthy lifestyle habits between careers at the Faculty of Education of a private university in Santiago de Chile. To this end, the questionnaire on healthy lifestyles was applied to 588 students in kindergarten, Spanish, arts education, basic education, differential education, physical education, history and geography, English and mathematics.The results show that the most sedentary students are those from early childhood, basic, differential, and arts (with 57%); tobacco and alcohol use is similar in all careers (39.1% and 65.5%, respectively), whereas drug use reaches 32%, marijuana being the most common (90% of cases).Finally, 67.4% of basic education students report that the career they study does not promote the practice of physical activity and sport. As a conclusion, there are differences in the practice of physical activity depending on the pedagogical career, while alcohol, tobacco and drug use do not differ. A higher percentage of students from first and second year compared to those from third and fourth state that the university promotes physical activity. More research is needed covering other universities in the country.