Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of a spontaneous breathing trial for predicting extubation success in pediatric patients in the postoperative period after cardiac surgery compared with a physician-led weaning. Study Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: PICU of a tertiary-care university hospital. Patients: A population of pediatric patients following cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. Interventions: Patients on mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours after surgery who were considered ready for weaning were randomized to the spontaneous breathing trial group or the control group. The spontaneous breathing trial was performed on continuous positive airway pressure with the pressure support of 10 cmH2O, the positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cmH2O, and the fraction of inspired oxygen less than or equal to 0.5 for 2 hours. Patients in the control group underwent ventilator weaning according to clinical judgment. Measurements and Main Results: The primary endpoint was extubation success defined as no need for reintubation within 48 hours after extubation. Secondary outcomes were PICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, occurrence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and mortality. One hundred and ten patients with the median age of 8 months were included in the study: 56 were assigned to the spontaneous breathing trial group and 54 were assigned to the control group. Demographic and clinical data and Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 classification were similar in both groups. Patients undergoing the spontaneous breathing trial had greater extubation success (83% vs 68%, p = 0.02) and shorter PICU length of stay (median 85 vs 367 hr, p < 0.0001) compared with the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups in hospital length of stay, occurrence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and mortality. Conclusions: Pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing the spontaneous breathing trial postoperatively had greater extubation success and shorter PICU length of stay compared with those weaned according to clinical judgment.

FERREIRA, F. V. Evaluation of the efficacy of the spontaneous breathing test in predicting the success of extubation in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery in children: A randomized controlled trial. 2018.76p. Thesis (Doctoral). Faculdade

The results of this study show the potential use of the SII; a greater mean value for the control group compared to the SIS group and excellent reliability for intra- and inter-examiner measurement. Validation studies of the index should be conducted to correlate the index with clinical findings from subacromial impingement syndrome.

Introdução: Os recém nascidos e lactentes apresentam desvantagem anatômica e fisiológica que interfere na função pulmonar adequada, associada a cardiopatias congênitas, essa desvantagem pode ser acentuada, principalmente nos casos cirúrgicos. A fisioterapia no pós operatório oferece estratégias para a reexpansão pulmonar e amenizar as complicações cirúrgicas, com o intuito de melhorar a função respiratória. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa na literatura acerca das técnicas fisioterapêuticas de reexpansão pulmonar no pós operatório de cirurgia cardíaca congênita em recém nascidos e lactentes, devido a escassez de artigos na literatura que explicitem a real função e importância da fisioterapia no pós operatório de cirurgia cardíaca congênita em recém nascidos e lactentes. Metologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa eletrônica nas bases de dados BVS, CAPES, PEDro, PUBMED, Scielo e SCIENCE sobre técnicas fisioterapêuticas de reexpansão pulmonar no pós operatório de cirurgias cardíacas congênitas nessa população. Resultados: Foram selecionados 91 artigos na revisão integrativa da literatura, porém, apenas 9 estudos estavam de acordo com o tema e foram incluídos nesta revisão, que afirmam que a fisioterapia melhora da função pulmonar e reduz as complicações pós operatórias em recém nascidos e lactentes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca. Conclusão: A fisioterapia melhora da função pulmonar e reduz as complicações pós operatórias em recém nascidos e lactentes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca. As técnicas de remoção de secreção e de reexpansão pulmonar são eficazes para a reexpansão pulmonar, porém não existe uma técnica considerada padrão ouro, devendo ser avaliado cada paciente de forma individual.