One of the most fundamental questions in biology is what types of cells form different tissues and organs in a functionally coordinated fashion. Larger-scale single-cell sequencing and biology experiment studies are now rapidly opening up new ways to track this question by revealing substantial cell markers for distinguishing different cell types in tissues. Here, we developed the CellMarker database (http://biocc.hrbmu.edu.cn/CellMarker/ or http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/CellMarker/), aiming to provide a comprehensive and accurate resource of cell markers for various cell types in tissues of human and mouse. By manually curating over 100 000 published papers, 4124 entries including the cell marker information, tissue type, cell type, cancer information and source, were recorded. At last, 13 605 cell markers of 467 cell types in 158 human tissues/sub-tissues and 9148 cell makers of 389 cell types in 81 mouse tissues/sub-tissues were collected and deposited in CellMarker. CellMarker provides a user-friendly interface for browsing, searching and downloading markers of diverse cell types of different tissues. Furthermore, a summarized marker prevalence in each cell type is graphically and intuitively presented through a vivid statistical graph. We believe that CellMarker is a comprehensive and valuable resource for cell researches in precisely identifying and characterizing cells, especially at the single-cell level.

Borate chemically cross-linked soy protein to prepare high-strength, antibacterial, flame-retardant bio-adhesive.

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Soy protein isolate (SPI), a ubiquitous and readily available biopolymer, has drawn increasing attention because of its sustainability, abundance, and low price. However, the poor mechanical properties, tedious performance adjustments, irreversible damage, and weak microorganism resistance have limited its applications. In this study, a facile but delicate strategy is proposed to fabricate an excellently selfhealable and remarkably antibacterial SPI-based material with high mechanical strength by integrating polyethyleneimine (PEI) and metal ions (Cu(II) or Zn(II)). The tensile strengths of the SPI/PEI-Cu-0.750 and SPI/PEI-Zn-0.750 films reach up to 10.46 ± 0.50 and 9.06 ± 0.62 MPa, which is 367.06 and 306.28% strength increase compared to that of neat SPI film, respectively. Due to abundant non-covalent bonds and low glass transition temperature of the network, both SPI/PEI-Cu and SPI/PEI-Zn films exhibit a satisfactory self-healing behavior even at room temperature. Furthermore, SPI/PEI-Cu and SPI/PEI-Zn films demonstrate high bacterial resistance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This facile strategy of establishing dynamic networks in a biomaterial with numerous excellent properties will enormously expand the scope of its applications, especially in the field of recyclable and durable materials.

No abstract