Objective: The objective of this research was to describe the sexual behaviors and condom use in the Brazilian population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, which used data from 88,531 individuals aged 18 years old or older, who answered the second edition of the National Health Survey carried out in 2019. Prevalence was estimated with the respective 95% confidence intervals for each sexual behavior indicator and condom use according to gender, age, race/skin color, educational level, and region of residence. Results: The majority of the Brazilian population has had sexual intercourse at some point in their lives (93.9%). Mean age of initiation was 17.3 years. Prevalence of consistent condom use was only 22.8%, being even lower among women (20.9%). Moreover, 59% of the population reported not having used a condom in the past 12 months, the main reason being trusting their partner (73.4%). The use of health services to obtain condoms was only 10.7%. It was observed that women, individuals with a higher age group, less education, and income had worse results in relation to the analyzed indicators, in addition to regional disparities. Conclusion: Low prevalence of condom use was observed in the Brazilian population. In addition, important socioeconomic and demographic disparities were observed, pointing out the need to revisit, strengthen and expand public policies in the sexual and reproductive health field in order to prevent risky sexual behaviors and promote condom use, including double protection.

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Objetive: To investigate the association between analgesia during labor and occurrence of neonatal outcomes. Method: Retrospective cohort study with medical records of 850 parturient. The exposure variable of interest was receiving pharmacological analgesia during labor and neonatal outcomes were: one- and five-minute Apgar, resuscitation maneuvers and referral of the newborn to Neonatal ICU. A logistic regression was carried out to obtain Odds Ratios and 95% confidence interval, with adjustment for confounding factors. Results: Among the women studied, 35% received analgesia and this use was associated with a greater chance of neonatal outcomes such as one-minute Apgar < 7 (p <0.0001), resuscitation maneuvers (p <0.001) and referral to the Neonatal ICU (p = 0.004), mostly were among low-risk pregnant women, even after adjustments. Conclusion: The use of pharmacological analgesia during labor is associated with one-minute Apgar < 7, resuscitation maneuvers and referral to the Neonatal ICU.

Objective: To analyze the temporal trends in the fertility rate, proportion of antenatal consultations and caesarean sections in Brazilian adolescents aged 15 to 19, between 2000 and 2015. Methods: The fertility rate, proportion of prenatal consultations and proportion of routes of birth were calculated using data from DATASUS. The trend analysis was performed using the Prais-Winsten regression model and the annual percentage change. Results: There was a trend of reduction of 3.5% per year in the fertility rate among adolescents (p<0.05), in addition to an increasing trend of 6% per year in the proportion of more than six antenatal consultations (p <0.0001) and an increasing trend of 6.8% per year in the proportion of caesarean sections (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Despite the decreasing trend in fertility rates among Brazilian adolescents, they remain high. Also noteworthy is the growing trend for caesarean sections, even with improved access to antenatal care.

Neste contexto, dando ênfase ao Estado nacional brasileiro, tal historicidade não poderia passar sem notações. O Brasil, embora seja atualmente um país laico, regido por uma Carta cidadã, movido pelo incessante sentimento de Democracia, tal situação, de fato e maneira histórica, nem sempre reagiu desta forma.Diante de tal aparato histórico, o primeiro sistema prisional brasileiro, em forma de cadeia pública, teria sua origem na cidade de Salvador, na Bahia, no ano de 1551, isto porque, neste momento, também se instalou a sede do governo à época dos fatos. Neste sentido, relata-se há longas épocas, a condição física do estabelecimento, à primeira vista, já se asseverava em situação degradante, com estruturas inadequadas e sem condições para aprisionamento de maneira mais humanitária. (CARVALHO, 2002).No período compreendido entre 1850 e 1852 realizou-se diversas visitas a outras unidades de encarceramento recém-criadas, nas cidades de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, as denominadas "Casas de Correção", que surtiam efeito como modernização da punição dos indivíduos transgressores. (CARVALHO, 2002).Assim, como se vislumbra na obra do escritor e advogado Luís Francisco Carvalho Filho, compreende que o caráter punitivo é a necessidade de castigo ou punição, que deve ser oferecido pelo estatuto legal, com a devida função de coibir ou prevenir a prática ou a omissão desta, em relação ao fato delituoso que