As doenças parasitárias possuem elevada morbidade e ampla distribuição geográfica conferindo um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Brasil. Nas crianças, os parasitas intestinais podem provocar um quadro de diarreia e desnutrição, podendo em casos mais graves comprometer o desenvolvimento físico e mental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as parasitoses intestinais e a sua associação com estado nutricional e cognitivo das crianças de 5 a 9 anos de idade do ensino fundamental em uma escola municipal na microrregião de Sete Lagoas/MG. Foram realizados exames coproparasitológicos por sedimentação espontânea em 26 crianças. Para avaliação nutricional foram realizadas medidas antropométricas e para avaliação da capacidade cognitiva aplicou-se o teste de Raven. Os resultados parasitológicos apresentaram 34,6% casos positivos, com maior frequência do protozoário Entamoeba histolytica (19,3%). Com relação ao estado nutricional, 19,3% das crianças apresentaram sobrepeso e 6,2% estavam desnutridas. Na avaliação do desenvolvimento cognitivo das crianças, constatou-se que 19% apresentaram Grau I, 28,6% Grau II, 47,6% Grau III, 4,8% Grau IV e nenhuma criança apresentou Grau V, conforme o teste de Raven. Não houve associação entre as parasitoses intestinais e o estado nutricional e a capacidade cognitiva das crianças pesquisadas. Os dados deste trabalho reafirmam a necessidade de programas de educação em saúde para prevenção de infecções parasitárias, uma vez que um terço das crianças avaliadas apresentou-se infectadas por algum tipo de parasita. Por conseguinte, mais estudos devem ser direcionados a fim de determinar a interferência das parasitoses no desenvolvimento físico e intelectual infantil. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Enteropatias intestinais. Estado nutricional. Cognição.

-The potential of three aquatic macrophytes, Azoll caroliniana, Salvinia minima and Lemna gibba, was evaluated in this work aimed at selection of plants to be used in remediation of environments contaminated by arsenic (As). The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse during six days in pots containing Hoagland solution (¼ ionic strength) at As concentrations of 0.5; 2.5 and 5.0 mg L -1 . The three species showed greater As accumulation as the concentration of the metalloid in solution increased. However, a reduction was detected in fresh and dry mass gain when the plants were exposed to high As concentrations. The macrophytes showed differences in efficiency of removal of As in solution. A. caroliniana, S. minima and L. gibba accumulated, on average, 0.130; 0.200; and 1.397 mg mDM -1 , respectively, when exposed to 5.0 mg L -1 of As. The macrophytes absorbed a greater quantity of As in solution with low phosphate content. The greater As concentration in L. gibba tissues lowered the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents as shown by the high chlorosis incidence. Lemna gibba also exhibited a decrease in leaf size, with the total chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis not being affected by As in A. caroliniana. This species exhibited purplish leaves with high concentration of anthocyanin, whose presence suggested association to phosphate deficiency. Marginal necrosis occurred on S. minima floating leaves, with the released daughter-plants not showing any visual symptoms during the treatment. The percentage of As removed from the solution decreased when the plants were exposed to high concentrations of the pollutant. Among the three species studied, only L. gibba could be considered an As hyper-accumulator. The use of this plant species for remediation of aquatic environments was shown to be limited and requires further investigation.Keywords: bio-remediation, phyto-remediation, aquatic plants, pollutant. RESUMO -O potencial de três macrófitas aquáticas -Azolla caroliniana, Salvinia mínima e Lemna gibba -foi avaliado neste estudo, com vistas à seleção de plantas para remediação de ambientes contaminados com arsênio (As). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação durante seis dias, em vasos contendo solução Hoagland (¼ força iônica) e As nas concentrações de

-The potential of three macrophytes, Azolla caroliniana, Salvinia minima, and Lemna gibba was assessed in this study to select plants for use in environmental remediation contaminated with atrazine. Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse over six days in pots containing Hoagland 0.25 strength nutritive solution at the following atrazine concentrations: 0; 0.01; 0.1; 1.0; 10.0 mg L -1 . Decrease in biomass accumulation was observed in the three macrophytes, as well as toxic effects evidenced by the symptomatology developed by the plants which caused their deaths. The chlorosis and necrosis allowed to observe in the plants the high sensitivity of the three species to the herbicide. Plants presented low potential for removal of atrazine in solution when exposed to low concentrations of the herbicide. However, at the 10.0 mg L -1 atrazine concentration, L. gibba and A. caroliniana showed potential to remove the herbicide from the solution (0.016 and 0.018 mg atrazine per fresh mass gram, respectively). This fact likely resulted from the processes of atrazine adsorption by the dead material. The percentage of atrazine removed from the solution by the plants decreased when the plants were exposed to high concentrations of the pollutant. Azolla caroliniana, S. minima, and L. gibba were not effective in removing the herbicide from solution. The use of these species to remedy aquatic environments was shown to be limited.Keywords: Azolla caroliniana, Salvinia minima, Lemna gibba, herbicide, bioremediation.RESUMO -Avaliou-se, neste estudo, o potencial de três macrófitas -Azolla caroliniana, Salvinia minima e Lemna gibba -com vistas à seleção de plantas para remediação de ambientes contaminados por atrazine. Foram realizados experimentos em casa de vegetação durante seis dias, em vasos contendo solução nutritiva Hoagland (0,25 de força iônica), nas seguintes concentrações de atrazine: 0; 0,01; 0,1; 1,0; e 10,0 mg L -1 . A redução da biomassa acumulada pelas macrófitas foi observada, bem como os efeitos de toxidez evidenciados pela sintomatologia desenvolvida nas plantas, os quais causaram sua morte. Clorose e necrose observadas nas plantas mostraram a alta sensibilidade das três espécies ao herbicida. As plantas demonstraram baixo potencial para remoção de atrazine, quando expostas ao herbicida em baixas doses. Entretanto, na concentração de 10,0 mg L -1 de atrazine, L. gibba e A. caroliniana mostraram potencial para remover o herbicida da solução (0,016 e 0,018 mg de atrazine por grama de massa fresca, respectivamente). Esse fato provavelmente resultou do processo de adsorção de atrazine pela matéria morta. A porcentagem de atrazine removida da solução pelas plantas diminuiu quando estas foram expostas a altas concentrações do poluente. Azolla caroliniana, S. minima e L. gibba não foram eficazes na remoção do herbicida na solução. A utilização dessas espécies para sanar ambientes aquáticos mostrou-se limitada.

The evaluation of the toxicity effects of arsenic (As) and the tolerance potential of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata regarding to this element, is an important step in the selection of plants for the purpose of phytoremediation. Both species were collected at clean water bodies, disinfected, acclimatized and submitted to treatments with As as sodium arsenate at the concentrations: 0, 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0 mg.L–1. After seven days of exposure to As, the plants were washed in a solution of HCl 0.1N. Shoot and root tissues were separated, dried and weighed. The As content analyses were carried out by acid digestion of dried tissue samples followed by measurement of total concentration of arsenic by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results indicate that S. auriculata accumulated more As, presenting marginal necroses in leaves, while, E. crassipes didn’t present any visible morphological alteration. The As absorption for both species increased substantially with the external concentration and S. auriculata was more sensitive. This effect was found either for roots and shoots in both species, highlight, the higher accumulation in roots. In the treatment of 5.0 mg.L–1 S. auriculata accumulated in roots an average of 146.66 μg As g–1 dry weight and E. crassipes accumulated 56.29 μg g–1 As dry weight. Probably, the highest As accumulation in this concentration in both species, was caused by the highest proportion of arsenic/phosphate in the solution, since the arsenate absorption competes with phosphate. It was observed, along the experiment, that the “parent” plants of S. auriculata, although with leaves damaged, produced “daughter” plants healthy. This probably tolerance mechanism can be related to some process that blocks the translocation of arsenic to “daughter” plants or can be a process of acclimatization to the pollution.

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