A B S T R A C TThe correct longitudinal distribution of seeds by the seeder machine is one of the features that most contributes to obtain an adequate plant stand and good crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal distribution of corn seeds by seed conductor tube types, combined with a horizontal perforated disc and a pneumatic meter, altering the seeding density rate. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory using a seed meter test bench. Treatments were a combination of two seed meters, six conductor tubes and four peripheral speeds for the meter disc, corresponding to densities of 60, 70, 80 and 90 thousand corn seeds per hectare and were organized in a three-factor scheme with four repetitions. By increasing the seeding rate into the same ground speed, there was a reduction in the percentage of acceptable spacing, this effect being more pronounced when conductor tubes with a small diameter and straight profile were used.

A redução das janelas de semeadura e a intensificação da produção no sistema de semeadura direta impulsionaram o aumento na frequência de utilização de máquinas, provocando compactação pelo tráfego. A compactação, além de prejudicar o desenvolvimento das raízes das plantas, aumenta a demanda de potência dos implementos justificando a utilização de escarificadores para a descompactação do solo. Avaliou-se o desempenho de dois escarificadores (Haste + ponteira), sendo um comercial e um experimental, com vistas a entender a operação de escarificação quando adaptada ao sistema de semeadura direta, utilizando como parâmetros variáveis energéticas e de solo. O elemento descompactador experimental teve um desempenho superior ao comercial nas principais variáveis estudadas, tais como consumo de combustível, potência e força de tração. Quando à frente dos elementos descompactadores o disco de corte não alterou a força de tração mas reduziu o consumo de combustível e a potência. O aumento da velocidade proporcionou incremento da força de tração, potência e consumo de combustível.

Resumo A região sul do Brasil é marcada, durante o inverno, pela presença de uma frente oceanográfica entre a Corrente do Brasil (CB) e a Corrente Costeira do Brasil (CCB). A frente oceanográfica CB/CCB imprime intensos Abstract The southern coast of Brazil is marked during winter by the presence of an oceanographic front between the Brazil Current (BC) and the Brazilian Coastal Current (BCC). The BC/BCC oceanographic front imprints intense thermal gradients between the cold (BCC) waters of the continental shelf and the warm (BC) waters of the deep ocean. This work analyses, for the first time in the known

<p>The pristine Amazon rainforest is a unique place to study ozone (O3) deposition rates and tropospheric transport, due to the absence of nearby sources of anthropogenic pollution. Parts of the low background O3 are considered to be transported from the stratosphere into the troposphere. This occurs due to general entrainment of stratospheric air at the tropopause. Within the troposphere, downdrafts provide effective vertical mixing and are known to increase surface O3 values. Low-level jets can also enhance O3 concentrations due to long range transport and locally induced mixing in the nocturnal boundary layer. Therefore, we study these phenomena based on long term datasets from 2012 to present from tall measurements towers (80 m and 325 m).</p><p>Ozone mixing ratios were measured at the ATTO site (Amazon Tall Tower Observatory) in the Central Amazon (02°08’38.8’’S, 58°59’59.5’’W) since 2012 at 8 different heights between 5 cm and 80 meters and additional measurements from 80 m up to 325 meters are running since 2017. From 2015 to 2017, 3-dimensional wind measurements have been performed in 150 meters height in 10 Hz sampling rate, showing evidences for the formation of a nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ), which leads to higher turbulent mixing inside the residual layer/ stable nocturnal layer. We were comparing the nocturnal LLJ with downdrafts of air due to strong thunderstorms which led to increases of O3 as well. We are analyzing these events regarding their in-canopy air exchange, their frequency and seasonality and comparing them with the effects of the nocturnal LLJ. As the data series comprises more than eight years of data we are also analyzing the interannual variability.</p>

Between 6-9 December 2012, the Oceanographic Vessel Alpha Crucis took oceanographic stations in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean in support to both SAMOC and ACEx projects. During the research cruise, the vessel performed measurements with the release of weather balloons. From the data collected by the radiosondes, it was possible to verify the variability of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) in the area and period of study. From meteorological and oceanographic data, it was possible to estimate the latent and sensible heat fluxes from bulk parameterization. During an episode of formation of an extratropical cyclone, the results ,of this work demonstrate the impact of the synoptic conditions influencing the evolution of the MABL. During the prefrontal condition a stratification of the MABL was verified. The  latent and sensible heat fluxes directed from the ocean to the atmosphere were low or negative (from the atmosphere to the ocean). During the post frontal condition, the MABL was well developed with a 1200 m height and the latent and sensible heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere  were more intense. These observations are fundamental to widen our understanding on the physical processes occurring at the ocean-atmosphere interface and have primary importance for the weather and climate forecast of the south-southwestern region of Brazil.