Background  Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia worldwide and is seen in general practice. The cause of iron deficiency anemia changes in different age groups, whether due to blood loss, gastrointestinal causes or increase in body demand for iron. Objectives  This study was designed to determine any relation between Helicobacter pylori positive subjects serologically in Sulaymaniyah city/Iraqi Kurdistan with Iron deficiency anemia. Patients and Methods The current study enrolled one hundred twenty female volunteers (eighty female with positive H. pylori serology, either both or any one of IgG & IgM positive) and forty subjects with negative serology. Then, contributors divided to four groups according to the age. H. pylori was detected serologically by using anti-H. pylori IgG and IgM antibodies ELISA kit. Results Hemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cells, platelets counts, serum ferritin and total iron binding capacity, were measured. Hemoglobin level and mean corpuscular volume in all patients considerably decreased (P < 0.01) compared with all control groups. While, the outcome of white blood cells and platelets counts demonstrated no considerable changes in all patient groups compare with all control groups. Serum ferritin in all patient categories significantly reduced (P < 0.01) compared with all control groups. While, TIBC levels significantly raised in patient groups compare with control groups. Conclusion There is a relation between Helicobacter pylori positive serology and iron deficiency anemia in Kurdistan- Sulaimania city.

The penetration of nanotechnology into the medical world is constantly growing, and this raises concerns about its toxicity. This study aimed to illustrate the defense ability of Cichorium intybus (CI) against the nephrotoxicity induced by copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) in a rat model. 32 laboratory rats were evenly distributed into 4 groups, each containing 8 animals. CON rats did not receive any dosage, whereas, CuONPs animals were dosed with copper oxide nanoparticles. As for the CuONPs + CI group, intoxicated rats were dosed with Cichorium intybus extract. Lastly, CI rats were given C.intybus extract only. The parameters of renal function, oxidative stress, and renal histological changes were measured. Animals treated with CuONPs showed negative changes in all examined parameters of kidneys compared to the CON group. However, co-administration of plant extract with NPs showed a clear improvement effect of these toxic changes. We concluded that the high dose of CuONPs causes significant kidney damage, and CI extract has a defensive effect against this toxicity. Keywords: Nephrotoxicity, nanoparticles, oxidative stress, histological changes.

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The objective of this study is a measurement of some immunoglobulin's (IgM and IgG) and complement cascade (C3, C4) in pregnant women suffering from urinary tract infections (UTI) by single radial Immunodiffusion test 30 samples of urine and the blood were collected from pregnant female infected by UTI and 10 specimens were collected from healthy pregnant women in the period from December 2020 to June 2021 the samples were taken from pregnant female and they're aged ranging from 18 to 30 years. The results of the study showed that the levels of IgG is higher in those with UTI the mean is in the three trimesters respectively than in control and there's a statistically significant in the first trimester only with P≤0.05. In UTI patients, the results appeared a elevate in the level of C3 and C4 in those with UTI is higher in the first and third trimester, however, it's slightly lower in UTI patients than in control in the second trimester, there's no statistical significance between those with UTI and control. Otherwise, the results demonstrated that the level of hepcidin in UTI patients increased compared with control in the first, second and third trimesters respectively.