The frequency of obtained androgenic plants depends highly on the genotype; therefore the low rate of haploid recovery limits the utility of anther culture in pepper breeding. The need for incubation treatment and adequate nutrition media supplemented with plant growth regulators, especially auxins, are suggested as important factors to obtain somatic haploid embryos in pepper anther culture. The effect of three incubation treatments of the androgenic potential in pepper anther culture on MS, N, LS, NN and CP medium are summarised, and the results demonstrate that:by incubating treatment in cold conditions (at 7 8C) in darkness for 7 days, and then transferring the explants to light conditions (12-h photoperiod at 25 8C) for 4 weeks, on LS and NN mediums, anthers produced callus; by incubating treatment in heat conditions (at 25 8C) in darkness for 7 days, and then transferring the explants to light conditions (12-h photoperiod at 25 8C) for 4 weeks, on MS and N mediums, anthers produced callus; by incubating treatment in heat conditions (at 35 8C) in darkness for 8 days, the next 4 days to light conditions (12-h photoperiod at 25 8C) on CP medium, and then transferring the explants to R 1 medium for 4 weeks, anthers produced embryos.

The objective of this study was to discriminate among Na, Cl, and Ca salinity effects on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Cucumber plants grown in perlite were exposed for 134 days to low and moderate levels of salinity induced by the addition of either NaCl or CaCl2 at equal rates (on a chemical equivalent basis) to a standard nutrient solution for cucumber up to two target electrical conductivity (EC) levels (3.0 and 5.0 dS·m–1). The experimental treatments included also a control, which was irrigated with the standard nutrient solution without additional salt. The mean EC values in the drainage solution were 2.35, 3.94, 4.2, 6.31, and 6.35 dS·m–1 for the control, low NaCl, low CaCl2, high NaCl, and high CaCl2 treatments, respectively. The fresh and dry weights of stems and leaves were reduced only under conditions of high NaCl salinity, whereas root mass was not affected. Fruit yield decreased in proportion to the increase in NaCl salinity, while CaCl2 salinity reduced yield only at the high EC, to a level that corresponded to the low NaCl salinity. The suppression of yield with increasing salinity resulted mainly from a decrease in fruit size, while the number of fruit per plant was reduced to a lesser extent. These changes caused a reduction in the number of Class I fruit and an increase in nonmarketable produce. Both salinity sources enhanced the total soluble solids and the fruit chlorophyll concentration. NaCl salinity appreciably raised the concentrations of Na and Cl in young and old leaves, and suppressed the K concentration. CaCl2 salinity increased leaf Cl and Ca levels and diminished Mg and K. It is concluded that cucumber is more susceptible to NaCl salinity than to equal EC levels of CaCl2 salinity.

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Aims: The aim of research is to examine the influence of auxins IAA, IBA, NAA and commercial rooting product on rooting of cuttings from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinialis L.), sage (Salvia officinialis L.) and elderberry (Sambucus nigra L). Study Design: Completely randomized design.