In this review we hope to explain regarding nanoparticles (NPs), Nanoparticles are very small materials that range from 1 to 100 nm size. And the subclasses of nanoparticles are mentioned. Nanomaterials are formulated by nanoparticles. Research on nanomaterials is used to improve in material technology and synthesis gained the support. Nanomaterials are gradually becoming popularized and starting to arise as commodities. Nanotechnology refers to a set of scientific disciplines and designing where peculiarities that occur at aspects in the nanometre scale are used in the plan, characterization, formulation and use of materials, structures gadgets and system. Here application of nanomaterial and nanotechnology is explained. The use of nanomaterials in the production of biosensors for detection of pathogens, formulation of nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of antibiotics, Nanomedicines and the application of nanotechnology in food business Etc were discussed. Hazards and risk of nanomaterials are studied under nanotoxicology. Nanotechnology is ab arising science as would be considered normal to have quick areas of strength for improvements. It is anticipated to contribute altogether to financial development and occupation creation in the next few decades.

With the advent of COVID-19 or the novel coronavirus and the pandemic outbreak, scientists around the globe are endeavoured to discover therapeutically efficacious drugs against the disease. Initial small-scale trials and studies have demonstrated the possible impact of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) unaided or together can be productive in the management of coronavirus disease. However, the latest research stretches on serious implications such as irregularities in the heart electrical impulses, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia including torsade de pointes (TdP), and long QT syndrome (LQTS) associated with the use of these drugs. In the worst-case scenario, higher doses have been lethal to the patients treated with these drugs as per recent reports. To have a closer look over the safety considerations, this review is focused on the latest updates, research, and findings of the impact of HCQ and AZM in COVID-19 affected individuals with an emphasis on the pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors. Besides, this review also briefly compiles some of the major clinical trial case reports which can present evident data related to the clinical application of both the drugs along with its abnormal effect on cardiac rhythm. RezumatO dată cu apariția COVID-19 și a focarului de pandemie, oamenii de știință se străduiesc să descopere medicamente eficiente împotriva bolii. Studiile inițiale și studiile la scară mică au arătat efectul hidroxiclorochinei (HCQ) și azitromicinei (AZM), singure sau în combinație, în tratamentul infecției cu SARS-CoV-2. Cu toate acestea, cele mai recente cercetări se referă la implicații grave, cum ar fi dezechilibre în impulsurile electrice ale inimii, tahicardie ventriculară polimorfă, inclusiv torsada vârfurilor și prelungirea intervalului QT. Această lucrare se axează pe cele mai recente actualizări, cercetări și constatări ale impactului hidroxiclorochinei și azitromicinei la pacienții cu COVID-19, cu accent pe factorii de risc cardiovasculari preexistenți. În plus, lucrarea sumarizează câteva dintre raportările majore ale studiilor clinice care prezintă date concrete în contextul utilizării acestor medicamente.

The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has negatively impacted the global health and economy. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shares many similarities with SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus. It has been identified that the 3C-like protease (3CLpro) enzyme in coronaviruses can be a major therapeutic target for combating these serious infections. Therefore, flavonoids are believed to hold high potential in eliminating the viruses and infections. Flavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants and have been demonstrated for their notable benefits for health. The antiviral activity of flavonoids has been reported in recent studies. Flavonoids, such as apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, amentoflavone, epigallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, and kaempferol, are known to be able to fight against coronaviruses by reducing the 3CLpro activity, according to the docking studies. Besides, we also found that several flavonoids have the potential to suppress the inflammatory cytokines, which are generally expressed in the lungs of coronavirus-infected individuals. However, the studies utilizing 3CLpro using various scaffolds of flavonoids need to be performed for better understanding on the antiviral potential of flavonoid derivatives against 3CLpro.

No abstract

No abstract