No abstract

Pb (CH3COO) was a metal that could accumulated in organisms tissue. Pb contents in organismstissue increased by increasing of Pb (CH3COO) concentration in the water and the durationorganisms that live in water pollution by Pb (CH3COO). It is caused organisms did not regulatedby Pb (CH3COO) one that turns in at organisms body. Daphnia sp.are sensitive to the chemicalin the waters ecology and has an important role in the ecology of freshwater as the first of trophiclevel in the waters ecology. The objective of this study was to obtain information about effect theconcentration of heavy metals Pb (CH3COO) in differences densities of Daphnia sp.to colorchanges and percentage of male larvae Daphnia sp. This research design uses factorial cmpleterandoms design. The main parameter in this research is color changing and male larvae on theDaphnia sp. While supporting parameters in this research is water quality (temperature, pH,amonia and DO). The result of research indicates that the heavy metal Pb (CH3COO) withdifferent concentration to the adult female Daphnia sp. showed significantly difference (p<0,05)of the Daphnia sp. color change, the highest density of Daphnia sp. (400 Daphnias) with heavymetal concentration 3.16 mg/l.

The main problem in the cultivation of tilapia is the attack of bacterial disease Streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria. Alternative measures to prevent the disease of Streptocococis can be through the use of phytopharmaca materials. One of the ingredients of phytopharmaca can be used is cinnamon plant. Cinnamon leaves contain several types of active substances such as tannins, eugenol, safrole, calcium oxalate, resin, saponins, tanners, and sinamaldehid. The objective of the study of effectiveness of leaf powder of cinnamon plant to leukocyte differential and phagocytic activity in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Streptococcus agalactiae is to know the influence and dosage of cinnamon leaf powder in feed toLeukocyte Differentiation and Phagocytosis Activity Postcainfection Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This research used 3treatment 4 replication and control with dose K-= challenge test, K+ = without test challenge, A = dose 0,25%, B = dose 0,5%, C = 1%. The parameters observed are Leukocyte Differential and Phagocytosis Activity. Dosage 0.5% addition of leaf powder cinnamon plant on feed is the best dose. Giving of cinnamon leaf powder in feed influenced to increase of leukocyte difference especially on monocyte cell and neutrophil cell was significantly different (P>0,05) than K+ without addition of cinnamon leaf powder while phagocytic activity had an effect on Streptococcus agacatiae.

Streptococcus agalactiaeis a bacterium that causes Streptococcosis in tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus). Antibioticis being used efforts to control the disease. Using antibiotics constantly willadversely affect the aquatic environment, bacterial resistance and presence of residues in fishconsumption. Another alternative is to use phytopharmaca materials that are natural andenvironmentally friendly. One of the phytopharmaca materials that can be used is cinnamon(Cinnamomum burmanii) which contains active ingredients such as Saponin, Alkanoid, Tanin,Flavanoid, Sinamaldehid. The purpose of this study was to investigates the effectiveness and thebest dose of cinnamon leaves (C. burmanii) as an antibacterial agent for the prevention of S.agalactiaeinfection. This research was experimental desion was group randomized design (GRD)3 treatments and 3replicationswere used treatments that is A (concentration 0,25%), B(concentration 0,5%), C (concentration 1%), K (control). Test this study by calculating thenumber of colonies grown on agar medium. The result showed that B treatment (0.5%concentration) can inhibit S. agalactiae bacteria growth with marked growth of bacteria on TSA(Trypticase soyaagar) medium.