Lebih dari sepertiga (36,1%) anak di Indonesia tergolong pendek ketika memasuki usia sekolah. Pada sisi yang lain penelitian-penelitian di negara berkembang lebih mengutamakan faktor kesehatan dibandingkan faktor pengasuhan orangtua sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan fungsi kognitif seorang anak. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dan faktor sosiodemografi dengan kemampuan kognitif anak sekolah dasar di daerah endemis GAKI. Rancangan penelitian adalah cross sectional. Subyek adalah anak usia 9-12 tahun yang bersekolah di daerah Kismantoro yang merupakan daerah endemis GAKI sedang. Sebanyak 69 anak sekolah dasar dipilih secara simple random sampling untuk ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Data sosiodemografi diperoleh lewat angket sedangkan data status gizi diperoleh lewat pengukuran antropometri secara langsung. Inform Consent didapatkan dari masingmasing keluarga subyek. Hasil analisa bivariat menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan kemampuan verbal (p= 0,037) dan kemampuan kognitif total subyek (p= 0,021). Subyek yang mengalami stunted memiliki risiko 9,226 kali lebih besar untuk memiliki nilai IQ dibawah rata-rata dibandingkan subyek yang berstatus gizi normal. Hubungan yang signifikan juga ditunjukkan oleh variabel lama pendidikan orangtua terhadap seluruh aspek kemampuan kognitif (p 0,000-0,009). Setelah dilakukan uji multivariat diketahui bahwa hanya lama pendidikan orangtua yang tetap berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan kognitif subyek. Kemampuan kognitif total dan kemampuan verbal subyek dipengaruhi oleh lama pendidikan ibu. Sedangkan lama pendidikan ayah memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kemampuan non verbal subyek penelitian. Untuk itu, para orangtua harus menempuh pendidikan setinggi-tingginya untuk mendukung perkembangan kemampuan kognitif anaknya.
Background: Wasting is an acute malnutrition form that interrupts immune function, prolong duration of infection and in the end increase mortality risk of children. It is not clear yet which risk factor leading to wasting, simply because wasting-suspected risk factors were also involved in another kind of malnutrition such as stunting and underweight.Objective: To determine whether infant and young child feeding practices is risk factor for wasting in under two year children.Method: This research was mix method research which used matching case control design for quantitative research and focus group discussion to gather information in qualitative research. Case were wasting children age 3-23 months old (z-score WHZ <-2 SD) while control were non-wasting children age 3-23 months old (z-score WHZ ≥-2 SD). This research involved 106 under-two years old children and 14 nutritionist from 14 community health center which randomly chosen. Control group was matched by age and socio economic to case group.Results: Case group had more proportion of inappropriate feeding practices (26.41%% vs 20.75%). More than half respondent failed to meet Indonesian recommended dietary allowance for energy (57.55%). Inappropriate infant and young child feeding practice significantly did not increased risk of wasting in under two children at Yogyakarta (OR=1.4; 95% CI:0.62-3.36; p=0.523). Nutritionist from community health center focused in consultation and counseling in effort to increase infant and young child feeding practice.Conclusion: Feeding practices in under-two children in Yogyakarta was already good. Infant and young child feeding practice was not risk factor for wasting in under two years old children at Yogyakarta.
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