The use of social media today is not only functioned for personal interests, but also for the benefit of groups, organizations, and state institutions in terms of public services as conducted by the Ombudsman RI Bengkulu who utilize social media as a medium of public service in Bengkulu province. It is interesting to study about the new "concept" that is applied in the process of public service, especially one of the challenges that faced by these institutions is the lack of public understanding of the existence of these institutions, so that innovation is basically needed in reaching out to the community and carrying out the role as a state institution with totality in carrying out public services as an objective of the existence of this state institution. This research was conducted to see how the social media was utilized by Ombudsman RI Bengkulu in conducting public services as a form of innovation in public service by Ombudsman RI Bengkulu. The research method was using a qualitative descriptive approach where the research results were analyzed by using the theory of diffusion of innovations. The research subjects in this case are the Ombudsman RI Bengkulu, and the social media users who have accessed the Ombudsman RI Bengkulu social media page, which is proven by digital traces left in the form of likes and comments on the Ombudsman RI Bengkulu Social media. The four elements in the innovation diffusion process show the innovations that applied in the public service process by the Ombudsman RI Bengkulu and how the utilization of these innovations in the public service process by the Ombudsman RI Bengkulu. Innovation in this regard is related to the use of social media as a medium for socialization and raising complaints in the process of public service by the Ombudsman RI Bengkulu. It is said as a form of innovation because the process of public services that is usually done traditionally both directly and through traditional media so that it costs quite a lot, with the use of social media can be done more easily, quickly and efficiently. Keywords—: Innovation; Service; Public; Social Media; Ombudsman RI Gender Bengkulu.

Strategi komunikasi antar budaya merupakan langkang yang akan di lakukan setiap masyarakat saat menepaki daerah atau tempat tinggal baru, dikenal dengan istilah culture shock (gegar budaya) adalah suatu kondisi dimana adanya langkah dan strategi yang akan di lakukan, sehingga adanya keterkejutan dan belum bisa beradaptasi dengan budaya yang ditempati. “Strategi Adaptasi Culture Shock dalam Komunikasi antar Budaya Mahasiswa Papua Universitas Bengkulu (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Papua Di Universitas Bengkulu)”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana langkah dan bentuk-bentuk gejala culture shock yang di alami masyarakat pendatang untuk beradaptasi dengan mencoba mempelajari bahasa, adat istiadat setempat sampai dengan makanan yang biasa di sajikan oleh penduduk asli Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif. Asumsi teori yang digunakan teori Samovar (2010, dalam Sekeon, 2011: 166) mengungkapkan adanya empat fase untuk culture shock, yaitu: pertama fase Euforia, fase kedua Setelah beberapa bulan menetap di kota Bengkulu, informan mulai merasa kecewa dan kesulitan berkomunikasi serta memahami penduduk asli karena adanya perbedaan budaya dan bahasa. Ketiga, yaitu fase adaptasi,  Keempat, fase penyesuaian diriKata Kunci : Komunikasi Antar Budaya,Culture Shock, Mahasiswa Papua

Abstrak Untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, Indonesia membutuhkan investasi asing langsung/Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) karena tingkat tabungan di Indonesia jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan kebutuhan investasi. FDI diyakini dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah suatu sektor atau industri. FDI terdiri dari dua jenis, yaitu FDI horizontal (intra industri) dan FDI vertikal (inter industri – dengan keterkaitan ke depan dan ke belakang). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak FDI vertikal dan horizontal terhadap nilai tambah di 18 sub sektor industri makanan domestik. Dengan menggunakan metode estimasi fixed effect cross section SUR model dan random effect model, hasil penelitian menunjukkan FDI vertikal dengan keterkaitan ke belakang memberikan dampak paling besar terhadap nilai tambah perusahaan domestik dibandingkan FDI vertikal dengan keterkaitan ke depan dan horizontal. FDI vertikal dengan keterkaitan ke belakang berdampak positif terhadap nilai tambah perusahaan domestik dengan modal rendah dan padat tenaga kerja (padat karya). Oleh karena itu, investasi asing di industri makanan paling hilir, seperti industri minuman tidak beralkohol dan industri makanan lainnya perlu dibuka dengan persyaratan bagi investor asing melakukan kerja sama sub contracting dengan perusahaan domestik di industri makanan hulu. Kata kunci:   Industri Makanan Domestik, FDI Horizontal, FDI Vertikal, Keterkaitan ke Belakang, Keterkaitan ke Depan, Nilai Tambah   Abstract To boost its economic growth, Indonesia needs Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) since the national savings rate is relatively low compared to the high demand for investments. FDI has been proven to be able to enhance the value-added of a sector or industry. There are 2 types of FDI which are Horizontal FDI (intra-industry) and Vertical FDI (inter industry-with upstream and downstream linkages). This study aimed to analyze the impact of horizontal and vertical FDI on the value added to the 18 subsectors in the domestic food industry. By using the fixed-effect cross-section SUR and random effect model, the results showed that the vertical FDI on downstream linkages gives a more positive effect on value-added than vertical FDI on upstream linkages and horizontal FDI. The vertical FDI on downstream linkages gives a positive impact on local companies with a lower level of capital but higher labor (labor-intensive). Therefore, FDI on downstream linkages (for example other food industry, non-alcoholic beverages, etc) should be opened on conditions that it commits a sub-contracting cooperation with the domestic firms within the food processing industry in upstream sectors. Keywords: Domestic Food Industry, Downstream Linkages, Horizontal FDI, Vertical FDI, Upstream Linkages, Value Added JEL Classification: F21; E22; C23; O33

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is necessary for Indonesia since the rate of saving is still low compared to the higher demand for investment in Indonesia. FDI contributes not only to the higher rate of investment but also to the spillover of other industrial sectors through technology transfer.The FDI spillover could be in the form of horizontal or vertical spillover with upstream and downstream linkages. The spillover of FDI can give a positive or negative impact on the productivity of sectors or other industries. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of FDI spillover on the productivity of the domestic food industry. The food industry had the highest value of FDI during 1990-2014, but it had a low value of total factor productivity. The research results show that the FDI spillover gives positive impact to the productivity of domestic food industry which has the highest foreign investment with upstream and downstream linkages. The horizontal and vertical spillover of FDI on upstream linkages gives positive impact to big domestic companies with higher levels of technologies. Meanwhile, the vertical spillover of FDI on downstream linkages gives positive impact to local companies with lower levels of technologies.