Abstract. Palupi E, Anwar F, Tanziha, Gunawan MA, Kurniawati AKF, Muslich M. 2020. Protein sources diversity from Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 799-813. This research aimed to identify forgotten side-dish diversity from food-insecure area, Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A qualitative data were gathered by using Focus Group Discussion followed by in-depth interviews with 24 key persons from Pucung and Mertelu villages, Gunungkidul. Proximate analysis and enzymatic gravimetric fiber analysis were also performed to get the first impression concerning the nutrient quality of the selected sources. As many as six edible insects, five aquatic animals, eight legumes and seeds, five fermented foods, eight mushrooms, three by-products, more than ten protein-rich plants, and five aquatic plants were identified as forgotten indigenous protein source from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. All aspects about scientific name, local value, Halal assurance, handling method, processing technique, and serving method of these sources have been presented on this article. Early investigation on the nutrient quality of the identified source reveals that grasshopper, caterpillar, aquatic snail, came out as the highest protein content compared to egg as a standard. Tempe -mlanding and -benguk also could be great alternatives as future plant-based protein sources. This investigation uncovers abundant protein sources diversity potential as future protein sources for supporting future food and nutrition security and sustainability.
ABSTRAKNematoda puru akar (NPA) Meloidogyne spp. merupakan parasit utama tanaman seledri (Apium graveolens) yang menimbulkan kerugian. Identifikasi spesies Meloidogyne pada seledri di Indonesia belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies Meloidogyne pada seledri secara morfologi. Contoh tanaman seledri yang terinfeksi oleh Meloidogyne spp. diambil dengan metode purposif di Desa Ciputri, Kecamatan Pacet, Kabupaten Cianjur, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Nematoda di dalam jaringan akar dideteksi dengan metode pewarnaan asam fuksin. Identifikasi spesies Meloidogyne dilakukan dengan pengamatan morfologi pola perineal betina. Gejala penyakit puru akar pada seledri ialah daun menguning, kerdil, dan pertumbuhan tanaman di lahan tidak merata. Gejala pada perakaran berupa puru akar berukuran kecil-kecil, jumlahnya banyak dan membentuk untaian seperti rantai. Berbagai stadium perkembangan nematoda, yaitu telur, juvenil, dan nematoda betina berhasil dideteksi melalui pewarnaan pada jaringan akar. Tiga spesies Meloidogyne diidentifikasi sebagai M. incognita, M. arenaria, dan M. javanica.Kata kunci: identifikasi morfologi, jaringan akar, pewarnaan asam fuksin, pola perineal betina ABSTRACT Root knot nematodes (RKN) Meloidogyne spp. is the primary parasite of celery and reported to cause losses up to 70%. Identification of the Meloidogyne species on celery in Indonesia has not been reported. This study was aimed to identify the species of Meloidogyne on celery based on morphology characters. Samples of Meloidogyne-infected celery plants were taken using purposive sampling method from Ciputri Village, District of Pacet, Cianjur, West Java Province. RKN inside root tissue was detected by acid fuchsin staining method. Meloidogyne species identification was done by morphological observation of female perineal pattern. Disease symptoms found in the field include leaf yellowing, stunted, and uneven growth of celery plants. Roots of infected plants showed the formation of small size root knots, in large numbers and forming strands like a chain. Staining NPA in root tissue was successfully detected various stages of nematode development, i.e. eggs, juveniles and female nematodes. Three Meloidogyne species, namely M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica were identified.
Identifikasi nematoda berdasarkan karakter morfologi memerluan ketelitian tinggi dan perlu didukung hasil identifikasi secara molekuler. Salah satu metode identifikasi molekuler ialah dengan DNA barcode. DNA barcode merupakan identifikasi molekuler dengan menggunakan gen cytochrome oksidase sub unit 1 (CO1). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi NPA yang berasosiasi pada tanaman bit berdasarkan PCR dan perunutan nukleotida gen CO1 Meloidogyne. Sampel umbi bit diperoleh dari lahan pertanian yang terletak di Kecamatan Cipanas, Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Identifikasi morfologi dengan mengamati pola perineal NPA betina. Identifikasi molekuler meliputi ekstraksi, amplifikasi, visualisasi DNA, analisis peruntutan nukleotida dan filogenetika. Hasil pengamatan pola perineal secara morfologi didapatkan spesies M. incognita dan M. arenaria. Amplifikasi DNA yang dilakukan menggunakan primer spesifik CO1SIF (5’-GCCTGCATTTGGTTAG-‘3) dan CO1SIR (5’-TCAAACCAGTCCT-‘3), CO1SAF (5’-GGGTACTGGATGAACATTA-‘3) dan CO1SAR (5’-ACTTCAGGATGACCAAA-‘3)berhasil mendapatkan pita DNA berukuran ± 360 untuk M. arenaria dan ± 326 untuk M. incognita. Hasil sekuensing menunjukkan bahwa isolat M. incognita asal Indonesia berkerabat dekat dengan isolat M. incognita asal Cina, Amerika Serikat, Vietnam, dan Inggris dengan tingkat homologi 100%. Hasil analisis filogenetika menunjukkan bahwa M. incognita Indonesia masih satu kelompok dengan M. incognita asal Cina, Amerika Serikat, Vietnam dan Inggris. Adapun isolat M. arenaria berkerabat dekat dengan isolat M. arenaria asal Argentina dan Amerika Serikat dengan tingkat homologi 100%. Hasil analisis filogenetika menunjukkan bahwa M. arenaria asal Indonesia masih satu kelompok dengan M. arenaria asal Argentina dan Amerika Serikat.
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