Masalah yang paling utama dalam budidaya abalon tropis adalah pertumbuhan yang lambat. Penggunaan rElGH (recombinant giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone) untuk menstimulasi pertumbuhan beberapa spesies ikan sudah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji akselerasi pertumbuhan juvenil abalon tropis, Haliotis squamata setelah diberi perlakuan perendaman hormon rekombinan ikan kerapu kertang, Epinephelus lanceolatus pada frekuensi yang berbeda. Ada empat perlakuan frekuensi perendaman rElGH yaitu 4, 9, 16 kali, dan tanpa perendaman (kontrol). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Perendaman dilakukan selama tiga jam, dengan interval waktu empat hari. Kepadatan abalon tropis 100 ekor/L air laut yang mengandung 30 mg rElGH. Wadah untuk perendaman berupa beaker glass yang dilengkapi dengan aerasi. Penelitian dilakukan selama tujuh bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa abalon tropis yang direndam rElGH dengan frekuensi empat kali menghasilkan pertumbuhan bobot tubuh dan panjang cangkang tertinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya (P<0,05). Sintasan abalon tropis yang diberi perlakuan perendaman hormon rElGH lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol.The most crucial problem in tropical abalone aquaculture is the slow growth of the species. Studies investigating the use of rElGH (recombinant giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone) for promoting growth have been performed in various species. This research aimed to examine the growth acceleration of tropical abalone, Haliotis squamata juvenile after being treated in different immersion frequencies of recombinant giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone (rElGH). There were four treatments of rElGH immersion frequency: 4, 9, 16 times and without rElGH immersion (control). Each treatment was performed in triplicates. Immersion was performed for 3 hours, at 4-day intervals and a density of 100 tropical abalones in 1 L seawater containing 30 mg rElGH. Immersion was conducted in a beaker glass supplied with oxygen. The results indicated that rElGH immersion for total of 4 times showed significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight and shell length of tropical abalone compared to other treatments. The Survival of tropical abalone treated with rElGH was also significantly higher than control.
Masalah utama yang umum terjadi pada produksi benih abalon adalah kematian yang tinggi (> 90%) setelah abalon menempel pada plate pemeliharaan. Penggunaan pakan dalam bentuk tepung untuk mengganti diatom sebagai pakan postlarva beberapa spesies ikan, udang, dan abalon sudah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis pakan dalam bentuk tepung yang sesuai dan efektif untuk mendukung sintasan dan pertumbuhan larva abalon Haliotis squamata. Percobaan terdiri atas lima perlakuan pakan pada pemeliharaan larva abalon yaitu tepung Spirulina sp., Ulva sp., Chaetoceros sp., Gracilaria sp., dan diatom (kontrol). Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas empat ulangan. Pakan berupa tepung yang digunakan pada masing-masing perlakuan, terlebih dahulu dicampur merata dengan larutan tepung agar (7,5 mg/mL dalam air laut; suhu 40°C) dengan konsentrasi tepung 40 mg/mL larutan agar. Pemberian pakan dilakukan setiap tiga hari dengan cara menyemprotkan larutan pakan pada permukaan plate pemeliharaan larva. Penelitian dilakukan selama 30 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sintasan larva abalon yang diberi pakan tepung Spirulina sp. paling tinggi dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan yang diberi diatom, tepung Chaetoceros sp., dan Ulva sp., yaitu masing-masing 81,49%; 79,25%; 76,57%; dan 76,46%; tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan yang diberi pakan tepung Gracilaria sp. 81,37% (P>0,05). Laju pertumbuhan harian panjang cangkang larva abalon tertinggi diperoleh pada larva yang diberi pakan tepung Gracilaria sp. (203,81 ± 1,23 µm/hari) dan Spirulina sp. (205,59 ± 1,71 µm/hari). Nilai laju pertumbuhan harian panjang cangkang larva abalon yang paling rendah dijumpai pada larva yang diberi pakan tepung Ulva sp. (146,07 ± 1,73 µm/hari).The most common problem in abalone seed production is the high mortality occurrence (> 90%) after postlarvae settlement to the rearing plates. The use of microparticle diets to replace the natural feed of postlarval has been performed on various species of fish, shrimp, and abalone. This research aims to determine the most effective and suitable powder-based feed to support the survival and growth of abalone Haliotis squamata larvae. The experiments consisted of five feed treatments, i.e., Spirulina sp., Ulva sp., Chaetoceros sp., and Gracilaria sp. Flour, and diatoms (as control). Each treatment had four replicates. The powder-based feed used in each treatment was firstly mixed with a solution of agar powder (7.5 mg/mL sea water, 40°C) with a concentration of 40 mg of flour/mL of agar solution. Feeding was done every three days by spraying the feed solution onto the surface of the larval rearing plate. The study was conducted for 30 days. The results showed that survival rate of abalone larvae fed with Spirulina sp. flour was the highest and significantly different (P<0.05) compared with those given diatoms, Chaetoceros sp. and Ulva sp. flours, which were 81.49%, 79.25%, 76.57%, and 76.46%, respectively, and not significantly different from those fed with Gracilaria sp. 81.37% (P>0.05). The highest daily growth rate of the shell length of abalone larvae was achieved by larvae fed with Gracilaria sp. (203.81 ± 1.23 ¼m/day) and Spirulina sp. flours (205.47 ± 1.71 µm/day). The lowest daily growth rate of shell length was found on abalone larvae fed with Ulva sp. flour (146.07 ± 1.73 µm/day).
The most common problem in barramundi Lates calcarifer seedling production is the high mortality (> 90%) caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection. This research aims to evaluate the resistance and gene expression of barramundi challenged by NNV. Two populations were used in this study, i.e., Australian, and Situbondo-originated barramundi populations. The immune-related gene expression levels in the liver, head of kidney, and spleen were observed at 48 and 96 hours after post-infection (hpi). Barramundi’s survival and blood parameters were evaluated post-NNV infection. The results showed that the highest survival was revealed in Situbondo’s barramundi (42.0±4.47%) compared to Australian barramundi (20.0±7.07%) and no mortality was observed in the control without NNV infection. The higher survival rate in barramundi from Situbondo was in line with the blood profile. The number of red blood cell from Situbondo barramundi post-NNV infection (ST) at 96 hpi was higher (P<0.05) than Australian barramundi post-NNV infection (AT). The number of white blood cell of ST at 48 hpi was higher (P<0.05) than AT, but started to decrease at 96 hpi in ST barramundi. The total white blood cell in AT barramundi increased from 48 to 192 hpi. TNFα and IL1-β gene expression levels were significantly higher in the liver, head kidney, and spleen of Situbondo compared to Australian barramundi at 48 hpi, while MHCIIα gene expression in Situbondo’s was significantly higher compared to Australian barramundi at 96 hpi. These results indicate the important roles of all the genes in the barramundi’s immune responses against viral infection. Based on the results of the research, Situbondo’s barramundi has the potential to be used as a candidate for generating broodstock of disease-resistant strain.
ABSTRAKAbalon merupakan salah satu komoditas penting gastropoda laut. Tingginya permintaan abalon ini mengakibatkan menipisnya stok di alam. Oleh karena itu, upaya keberhasilan budidaya abalon perlu didukung oleh jenis unggul. Indikasi awal suatu jenis unggul dapat dilakukan dengan menganalisis potensi genetik yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan analisis gen 16S rRNA, karakter morfolologi, dan biologi dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan metode kajian pustaka. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan keragaman inter populasi Haliotis squamata mendeteksi adanya tujuh haplotipe yang terbagi dalam dua kelompok. Penyertaan H. diversicolor sebagai outgroup dalam pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa populasi H. squamata dari Pulau Bali dan beberapa lokasi di Pulau Jawa berada dalam satu kelompok yang terpisah dengan outgroup. Hasil ini kongruen dengan analisis morfometrik terdapat perkembangan pertumbuhan cangkang yang asimetri pada populasi Banten. Pertumbuhan asimetri merupakan indikasi spesifik untuk populasi Banten atau merupakan gejala abnormalitas yang dapat diakibatkan oleh faktor penurunan kualitas genetik atau lingkungan. Karakter biologi terlihat proporsi daging dan gonad berbeda pada populasi Banten dengan indikasi adanya pertumbuhan asimetri. Rasio gonad dan daging populasi Banyuwangi berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan populasi lainnya.
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