Improving the immune system in fish as an effort to prevent fish from disease attacks caused by pathogenic organisms, because disease attacks on fish are projected to continue to grow and cause mass death of cultured fish. Giving immunostimulants as additives to feed can be a strategy to improve the fish's immune system. Immunostimulants are compounds that are able to increase the non-specific immune response or the innate immune response. Nigella sativa L known as "Black Cumin" or Black Seed is one of the natural ingredients that can be used as medicine, including as an immunostimulant to increase the immune system which can prevent disease attacks. The part of the black cumin plant that is efficacious as a medicine for its seeds. The active compounds contained in N. sativa seeds are Thymoquinone, Dithymoquinone, Thymohydriquinone, and Thymol. Nigella sativa can increase the number of white blood cells, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes as an indicator of an increase in the immune system of fish. Several studies have shown that N. sativa can be used in the field of fisheries, especially to increase the body's resistance to disease. So the purpose of this article is to explain N. sativa as an immunostimulant in cultured fish that can increase the fish's body resistance to disease attacks. Based on the above studies, N. sativa L. seeds in powder or oil form can significantly increase the immune response, reduce mortality and increase the survival rate of fish infected with pathogenic organisms. Therefore, N. sativa L. seeds have the potential to be used as a dietary supplement immunostimulant to help increase the body's resistance to various types of cultured fish against diseasecausing pathogenic organisms. The dose given must be adjusted to the type of fish and the disease.

This study aims to find out the right lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates to improve the common carp body's immune system against the attack of the Aeromonas hydrophila bacterium. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolates were obtained from the organs of the common carp intestine. The study used a Completely Randomized Design consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatment used was immersion of test fish for 24 hours in several isolates of LAB with a density of 108 cfu ml-1, namely A: without LAB isolate (control), B: isolate CcB7, C: isolate CcB8, D: isolate CcB15. Immersion is done three times with a frequency of seven days. Parameters observed included clinical symptoms, survival rate, red and white blood cell counts. The results showed the immersion of LAB isolate CcB15, namely Lactobacillus gasseri was most effective for increasing the body's resistance to Common Carp, which was demonstrated by mild clinical symptoms and faster recovery, high fish survival rate (83.33%), and number of cells the highest white blood count of 147,47x103 cell mm-3 (an increase in white blood cells by 38%).

Feeding behavior is the way fish find, select, and consume food. Understanding fish eating behavior is important to knowing the fulfillment of nutrition and optimal growth in fish. The purpose of writing this article is to determine the factors that influence eating behavior and to compare eating habits between different fish species. The writing method used is literature study, with stages of journal search, journal selection, journal analysis, and journal synthesis. Based on the review results of several relevant journals, it is known that the types of fish feed are divided into 3 categories: euryphagic (eats various types of food), stenophagic (eats types of food that are limited to the ecosystem), and monophagic (eats one specific type of food), while based on the food group they are grouped into the three categories are herbivores (eating plants and algae), carnivores (eating meat), and omnivores (eating everything). Factors that influence eating behavior include food availability, environmental conditions, the type of food, and the size of the fish.

Efficient feeding plays a vital role in the success of fish farming operations. In recent years, there has been a growing need to develop auto-feeder technologies that not only optimize feed utilization but also reduce labor costs and environmental impact. This abstract explores the various types of auto-feeder technologies that contribute to achieving feed independence in fish farming. The paper delves into three primary categories of auto-feeders: demand-based feeders, time-based feeders, and sensor-based feeders. Demand-based feeders employ advanced algorithms to dispense feed based on the fish's appetite, ensuring optimal feeding rates and minimizing wastage. Time-based feeders provide feed at predetermined intervals, offering a more straightforward approach but requiring careful calibration. Sensorbased feeders utilize real-time data from environmental sensors, such as water quality parameters and fish behavior, to adjust feeding schedules and quantities accordingly. The abstract highlights the advantages and limitations of each auto-feeder type, considering factors such as feed conversion efficiency, growth performance, and labor requirements. Furthermore, it discusses the potential integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to enhance the auto-feeder technologies' performance and adaptability. The findings suggest that auto-feeder technologies have the potential to revolutionize fish farming practices by enabling feed independence. These technologies contribute to reducing feed waste, improving growth rates, and optimizing feeding strategies. However, further research is needed to overcome challenges such as accurate appetite estimation, sensor calibration, and cost-effectiveness. Ultimately, the abstract emphasizes the importance of auto-feeder technologies in achieving sustainable and efficient fish farming practices, paving the way for increased productivity and reduced environmental impact in the aquaculture industry.