Background Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student‐ and trainee‐led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre‐specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57–75) years (54·9 per cent men). Some 1153 (27·7 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1–3, of whom 1061 (92·0 per cent) received non‐selective cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4·6 versus 4·8 days; hazard ratio 1·04, 95 per cent c.i. 0·96 to 1·12; P = 0·360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5·4 versus 4·6 per cent; P = 0·349) or acute kidney injury (14·3 versus 13·8 per cent; P = 0·666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35·3 versus 56·7 per cent; P < 0·001). Conclusion NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement.
INTRODUÇÃOA incontinência fecal, definida como perda do controle voluntário das fezes 1-4 , é um grande problema social e de higiene. Afeta entre 1 e 15% dos adultos e 1,1 a 1,3% das pessoas com mais de 65 anos, impondo limitações e queda na qualidade de vida 1,2 . Sua real prevalência é provavelmente subestimada, já que a abordagem do sintoma é dificultada pelo constrangimento que tal afecção acarreta 4-6 . Dentre os mais variados graus de incontinência fecal, o soiling (escape de material fecal pelo ânus após defecação normal, que pode levar à eczema perianal) 7 , quando incluso em questionários sobre incontinência, está presente em pelo menos 5% dos indivíduos sadios e estes confirmam ter apresentado tal experiência em algum momento de suas vidas 3 .A continência fecal é resultado da atividade coordenada entre o reto e os esfíncteres anais 4 e depende não só destes, mas também da sensibilidade retal, tempo de trânsito intestinal, consistência das fezes e das condições do reservatório retal 2,6-9 . Uma vez manifestada a incontinência fecal, sua severidade deve ser identificada. A incontinência leve consiste na perda involuntária de gases, perda ocasional de líquidos ou até eventualmente soiling. Incontinência grave se apresenta como a perda significante de líquidos ou sólidos e a necessidade do uso de forros 2,3 . Entretanto, classificar a incontinência não é tarefa fácil e enúmeros autores propuseram escalas e questionários para melhor graduar tal sintomatologia 6,10 . Por vezes, não é possível estabelecer a etiologia da disfunção, sendo necessários métodos diagnósticos
RESUMO: Relata-se um caso de doença de Crohn com manifestação cutânea axilar extremamente rara, bem como suas peculiaridades em relação ao diagnóstico e tratamento. Há manifestações extra-intestinais que acometem cerca de 25 a 30% dos pacientes e que são mais comuns naqueles com doença do cólon, em relação aos que apresentam doença do intestino delgado. 3,6,8,9 Estas manifestações podem acometer a pele, as articulações, o trato biliar, os olhos, entre outras menos comuns. É freqüente que vários órgãos sejam afetados simultaneamente. O curso das manifestações extra-intestinais segue geralmente o de sua enfermidade intestinal, tanto nas crises, remissões, como na resposta terapêutica. Em algumas raras ocasiões, as manifestações extra-intestinais da doença de Crohn apresentam-se com maior severidade e precedem o quadro clínico, sendo indispensável considerar diagnós-ticos diferenciais. 3,4,6 O termo " doença de Crohn metastática", descrito inicialmente por Parks, em 1965, é uma rara manifestação da doença de Crohn que se caracteriza por alterações específicas e com substrato histopatológico semelhante ao encontrado na parede intestinal, porém localizada à distância do trato gastrointestinal. 4,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] O objetivo deste relato é demonstrar doença de Crohn em região axilar sem o acometimento intestinal simultâneo. Descritores
Background Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of major gastrointestinal surgery with an impact on short- and long-term survival. No validated system for risk stratification exists for this patient group. This study aimed to validate externally a prognostic model for AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery in two multicentre cohort studies. Methods The Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery (OAKS) prognostic model was developed to predict risk of AKI in the 7 days after surgery using six routine datapoints (age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker). Validation was performed within two independent cohorts: a prospective multicentre, international study (‘IMAGINE’) of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery (2018); and a retrospective regional cohort study (‘Tayside’) in major abdominal surgery (2011–2015). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict risk of AKI, with multiple imputation used to account for data missing at random. Prognostic accuracy was assessed for patients at high risk (greater than 20 per cent) of postoperative AKI. Results In the validation cohorts, 12.9 per cent of patients (661 of 5106) in IMAGINE and 14.7 per cent (106 of 719 patients) in Tayside developed 7-day postoperative AKI. Using the OAKS model, 558 patients (9.6 per cent) were classified as high risk. Less than 10 per cent of patients classified as low-risk developed AKI in either cohort (negative predictive value greater than 0.9). Upon external validation, the OAKS model retained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of range 0.655–0.681 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.596 to 0.714; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.659 to 0.703), sensitivity values range 0.323–0.352 (IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.281 to 0.368; Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.253 to 0.461), and specificity range 0.881–0.890 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.853 to 0.905; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.881 to 0.899). Conclusion The OAKS prognostic model can identify patients who are not at high risk of postoperative AKI after gastrointestinal surgery with high specificity. Presented to Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) International Conference 2018 (Edinburgh, UK), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) International Conference 2018 (Nice, France), SARS (Society of Academic and Research Surgery) 2020 (Virtual, UK).
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