RESUMoA doença renal crônica acarreta alterações em todos os sistemas corporais. Os pacientes cursam com marcada redução do condicionamento cardiorrespiratório, alterações musculares, reduzida performance física e pior qualidade de vida. A atividade física tem sido cada vez mais utilizada como forma de tratamento para essa população. Programas de treinamento físico aeróbio e/ou resistidos de moderada ou baixa intensidade no período interdialítico e durante a hemodiálise têm sido utilizados. Entretanto, os benefícios dessas intervenções no doente renal crônico, a escolha mais apropriada do tipo de treinamento e a segurança da aplicabilidade de atividades específicas não estão bem esclarecidos. Esta revisão tem como objetivo abordar os aspectos relacionados com o tipo de treinamento, período em que este é realizado, assim como os possíveis benefícios que o treinamento físico pode induzir nessa população.Palavras-chave: atividade física, hemodiálise, metabolismo. aBStRaCtChronic renal disease has consequences on several physiological systems. Patients present decrease on cardiorespiratory capability, muscular changes, reduced physical performance and worse quality of life. Physical activity has been increasingly used as therapy for these patients, including training programs with aerobic and resistance exercises of low to moderate intensity in the interdialytic period and during hemodialysis. However, the benefits of physical exercise therapy to chronic renal patients, the choice of better training programs and the applicability safety of specific exercises are not clear yet. Thus, this review has the objective to discuss the aspects concerned with the type of training, better period to perform it and the relevance of their benefits to patients.Keywords: physical activity, hemodialysis, metabolism. intRodUÇÃoA insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) refere-se a um diagnóstico sindrômico de perda progressiva e habitualmente irreversível da função renal, caracterizada pela diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular. A IRC associa-se a elevada morbimortalidade, levando, frequentemente, à incapacidade e redução apreciável da qualidade de vida. A existência de tratamentos paliativos de suporte, como o dialítico, prolonga substancialmente a sobrevida, tornando-a uma condição de impacto em longo prazo na saúde humana (1,2) . A prevalência da IRC vem aumentando globalmente. Dessa forma, enquanto nos EUA há 336 casos/milhão de habitantes, na Europa encontram-se 135/milhão, com expectativa de crescimento anual de 5-8% (4) . No Brasil, em 2006, a incidência foi de 175 pacientes/milhão, representando aumento de 8,8% em relação a 2005. Atualmente, estima-se que 54,5 mil pessoas encontram-se em tratamento dialítico, sendo 48,8 mil em hemodiálise. O número de pacientes em programa dialítico cresce no Brasil em média 10%, devido à incidência de mais de 100 pacientes novos por milhão de habitantes/ano (5) . O diabetes mellitus é responsável por cerca de 45% dos novos casos de IRC nos Estados Unidos, 36% na Alemanha, 32% no Japão e aproxi...
Objective:To investigate whether the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) alters the perception of respiratory symptoms and quality of life in COPD patients, by using specific questionnaires, as well as to determine whether scales for assessing daytime sleepiness and for screening for OSAS can be used in the triad of OSAS, COPD, and obesity. Methods:We included 66 patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate or severe COPD and presenting with a body mass index > 27 kg/m2. After polysomnography, patients completed the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), the Berlin questionnaire (BQ), the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI), and the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Results:Patients were first divided into two groups: COPD + OSAS (n = 46); and COPD-only (n = 20). The COPD + OSAS group was subdivided into a COPD + mild-to-moderate OSAS group (n = 32) and a COPD + severe OSAS group (n = 14), all of which were compared with the COPD-only group. There was a significant difference in mean FEV1 (L) between the COPD + OSAS groups and the COPD-only group (p = 0.073). The presence of the triad did not lead to significantly higher ESS scores, and scores > 10 had a specificity of 0.58. The BQ did not identify high risk for OSAS in the presence of the triad (specificity of 0.31). There were no significant differences in domain or total scores of the SGRQ between the COPD + OSAS groups and the COPD-only group. Conclusions:The confounding factors present in the triad of OSAS, COPD, and obesity prevented the perception of increased daytime sleepiness and high risk for OSAS. We observed no worsening of dyspnea perception or quality of life.
Introduction: Despite the prevalence of prescribed asthma, there is uncertainty about the incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). Objective: Compare the frequency of EIB between swimmers and sedentary individuals, and observe heart rate variability during bronchial activity. Methods: In total, 18 swimmers (group 1) and 18 sedentary individuals (group 2) were included. The participants rested for 30 minutes for evaluation of HRV. Blood pressure (PA), respiratory rate (RR), and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured. The volunteers remained seated for the spirometry test (maneuver of forced vital capacity -FVC). This was repeated 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after the exercise test. The statistical analysis used the Student t, Mann Whitney, and Shapiro-Wilks tests. The significance level was p <0.05. Results: The spirometry findings showed 3 sedentary individuals and 10 swimmers with obstructive ventilatory disorder (OVD). Only 2 of the sedentary and none of the swimmer group demonstrated positive bronchial provocation. A key criterion for diagnosing OVD, the relationship between forced expiratory volume in one second and FVC (FEV1/FVC), was
RESUMO. Sabe-se que a mastigação unilateral e a hiperatividade muscular podem estar presentes nos indivíduos com mordida cruzada posterior unilateral. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as alterações eletromiográficas dos músculos mastigatórios em portadores de mordida cruzada posterior unilateral direita (MCPUD). Eletrodos bipolares passivo de superfície foram colocados bilateralmente sobre os músculos temporal (porção anterior) e masseter, de 20 crianças selecionadas, do sexo feminino com idade de 7 a 8 anos (X = 7.4 e DP 0.5). Os registros foram coletados durante as contrações isotônicas habitual, direita, esquerda e bilateral simultânea, além das contrações isométricas voluntárias máximas direita e esquerda, cujos sinais foram utilizados para a normalização da amplitude da atividade elétrica. Todas as contrações isométricas foram feitas com tubo de látex. Durante as mastigações habitual e direita, observou-se uma hiperatividade do músculo temporal anterior esquerdo, e hipoatividade do músculo masseter esquerdo. Concluiu-se que o padrão eletromiográfico dos indivíduos com MCPUD sugere um padrão mastigatório unilateral, sendo os músculos masseter direito e porção anterior do músculo temporal esquerdo mais ativos que os outros músculos avaliados.Palavras-chave: eletromiografia, maloclusão, mastigação.ABSTRACT. Electromyography of the temporalis and masseter muscles in children with right unilateral crossbite. This study proposal was to evaluate the changes at a masticatory muscle temporalis and masseter, through a eletromyographic, at ponters of the right unilateral bite posterior, verifying the difference at the eletric activity between right and left sides. Twenty female volunteers, with ages between 7 and 8 (x = 7.4). The eletromyographics signals were collected in both sides in all volunteers in rest situations and in an usual isotonic mastication, right, left and bilateral and the maximun isometric constriction, which sinal was used to the eletric activity amplitude normalization. The results signed that the right masseter muscle presents an expressive statistic difference, if compared with the left masseter muscle during the left and right mastication, suggesting a right unilateral mastication. The muscle haven't gotten any expressive variance in this amplitude which remained to a proximate flat noticed in a right and habitual mastication, suggesting a right and one sided mastication during the left mastication occurs a raise of the eletric signal amplitude of the muscle left masseter. The right masseter muscle haven't gained any expressive variance, which remained in a proximate flat observed in an usual and right mastication, suggesting a muscular pattern hyperfunction next to the dental crossing.
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