Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is an atypical long-term pyelonephritis with destruction of renal parenchyma and a long-term inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages. Reported presentations of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) are different. A 73-year-old woman presented with loin pain, prostration, and fever. Computed tomography scan revealed poor cortical enhancement of the kidney, but some of the images bore resemblance to the characteristic “bear's paw” sign, consistent with XGPN with a 7-cm perinephric collection. She was provisionally diagnosed as severe acute pyelonephritis, possibly XGPN, with abscess. In view of the poor clinical condition, decision was made to perform nephrectomy. Histology revealed a G3pT4 high grade TCC with perineural and vascular invasion and reactive xanthogranulomatous inflammatory response. There are few reports of concomitant XGPN and TCC affecting the kidney. However, there has not been any mention of XGPN and TCC presenting as acute pyelonephritis and perinephric abscess so far.

No abstract

BackgroundKidney transplantation is the treatment of choice in patient with end stage chronic kidney disease, offering the best long term survival and greater Quality of Life in this group of patients. Graft volume was correlated with improved renal function in living donor transplantations. The primary aim of this study was to correlate renal volume adjusted to body surface area with renal function one year (estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFR) after kidney transplantation.MethodsThis single-center, prospective cohort study included 256 patients who underwent kidney transplantation from January 2011 through December 2015 at Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu–UNESP. We evaluated three kidney measurements during the bench surgery; the final graft volume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula and adjusted to body surface area.ResultsIn the living donors there was positive correlation between adjusted graft volume and eGFR (r = 0.311, p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed that low rejection rate and increased adjusted graft volume were independent factors correlated with eGFR. In deceased donors, there was no correlation between adjusted kidney volume and eGFR (r = 0.08, p = 0.279) in univariate analysis, but a multivariate analysis indicated that lower kidney donor profile index (KDPI), absence of rejection and high adjusted kidney volume were independent factors for better eGFR.ConclusionAdjusted kidney volume was positively correlated with a satisfactory eGFR at one year after living donor and deceased donor transplantations.

Background: Memokath 051™ stents are increasingly used for management of benign and malignant ureteral strictures refractory to management with single or tandem polymeric Double-J ureteral stents. Migration, encrustation, and difficulty in extraction during stent exchange are the chief problems reported so far with these thermoexpandable metallic stents. We report an unusual complication of ureteroexternal iliac artery fistula (UEAF) caused by Memokath stent inserted for radiation-induced ureteral stricture.Case Presentation: A 71-year-old male with history of colorectal cancer (underwent extirpative surgery + chemoradiotherapy) and subsequently radiation-induced ureteral stricture had bilateral Memokath ureteral stents inserted. Three months later, he presented with sepsis and hemodynamic instability secondary to UEAF, confirmed on angiography. A covered vascular stent was inserted as an immediate management.Conclusion: Memokath stent insertion in radiation-induced ureteral strictures may be associated with an increased risk of erosion and the rare potential complication of UEAF. This potential risk needs to be considered in the overall setting of such strictures and the difficulty in treating them. Prompt imaging (angiography) and placement of an endovascular stent are the ideal immediate options in such cases.

Objective To describe the surgical technique and initial experience with a single-port retroperitoneal renal biopsy (SPRRB).Materials and Methods Between January and April 2013, five children underwent SPRRB in our hospital. A single 1.5 cm incision was performed under the 12th rib at mid-axillary line, and an 11 mm trocar was inserted. A nephroscope was used to identify the kidney and dissect the perirenal fat. After lower pole exposure, a laparoscopic biopsy forceps was introduced through the nephroscope working channel to collect a renal tissue sample.Results SPRRB was successfully performed in five children. The mean operative time was 32 minutes, and mean estimated blood loss was less than 10 mL. The hospital stay of all patients was two days because they were discharged in the second postoperative day, after remaining at strict bed rest for 24 hours after the procedure. The average number of glomeruli present in the specimen was 31.Conclusion SPRRB is a simple, safe and reliable alternative to open and videolaparoscopic approaches to surgical renal biopsy.