The present study demonstrates the feasibility of application of a microfluidic system for in vitro culture of preimplantation mouse embryos, with subsequent development to full-term upon embryo transfer. Specifically, embryos cultured in groups in nL volume chambers achieve pre-implantation developmental rates up to 95% (4.5 days after fertilization), while birth rates upon transfer in utero are comparable to conventional droplet culture ($30%). Importantly, while culturing single embryos in conventional microliter droplets hampers fullterm development, mouse embryos cultured individually in a confined microfluidic environment achieve normal birth rates (29-33%) with normal morphology. Furthermore, the refreshment of culture media (dynamic culture) during pre-implantation in the microfluidic system does not impair development to term. These results deliver great promise to studies in developmental biology and human assisted reproductive technologies (ART), as nanoliter culture volumes provided by microfluidics will (1) allow online screening of physical and chemical culture parameters and (2) facilitate the acquisition of physiological data at the single embryo levelessential requisites for the determination of optimal embryo culture conditions.

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