Taking into account the actual photometric characteristics of a road surface to design and then adjust a lighting installation is seldom done. In a lighting renovation, one of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage's standard r-tables is arbitrarily chosen although they are no longer representative of the characteristics of current road surfaces. The objective of the study is to assess an optimized, evolutive pavement and lighting combination, called Lumiroute®. To do this, two conventional designed sections were compared with two Lumiroute® sections. On-site measurements of road photometry, luminance and power consumption were conducted at regular intervals for three years. This paper presents the results of the photometric study together with an economic analysis. The Lumiroute® sections offer optimized performance and increased efficiency in comparison with the ordinary sections, particularly with regard to light and energy performance.
In this paper, we present a new approach to evaluate the performance of road and tunnel lighting based on luminance measurements. Combined with the abilities of an ILMD used in a moving vehicle, our proposal allows us to focus on other angles of observation of road more suitable for urban driving. Our first results show that changing angle of observation has an influence on average luminance of road surface and on associated uniformities.
Specifications concerning road lighting and photometry of road surfaces were established more than 50 years ago. Road lighting design and road marking visibility were developed for vehicle driving. The observation distance defined by standards corresponds to interurban applications; however, within Europe these areas do not tend to be lit. The objective of the SURFACE project is to propose new geometries for the photometric characterisation of pavements, both adapted to different urban travel modes and new lighting technologies. This article reviews the available guidelines, standards, measuring devices and literature regarding geometries and road lighting applications, and presents the project SURFACE analysis and proposal. The SURFACE consortium recommends adding several new angles for different driving conditions and road users; 2.29° for urban environments and consistency with road marking standard, and 1° for extra-urban environment and consistency with previous geometries. A 5° angle, corresponding to 17-m viewing distance, could be an interesting compromise, suitable for urban driving at low speed, cycling and for scooters. The angles of 10° and 20° are under consideration for describing the boundary between diffuse and specular behaviour.
Le piéton est particulièrement exposé dans le domaine de l'accidentologie et il a fait l'objet d'études dans diverses disciplines, comme la psychologie et la sécurité des transports. Partant de modèles issus des neurosciences cognitives et de la cognition sociale, cette étude pilote a comme objectif d'explorer la perception du piéton par le conducteur. Elle combine des mesures de saillance visuelle issues de l'enregistrement de scènes routières, avec des données provenant de la retranscription du discours de 11 conducteurs visionnant ces mêmes scènes. Afin de décrire et de comprendre les relations entre ces deux types de données, l'analyse des corrélations canoniques robuste a été appliquée. Cette méthode met en évidence les liens entre l'environnement visuel global et le verbatim des conducteurs. Ces résultats, bien qu'exploratoires, montrent le lien entre les mesures de saillance et les éléments remarqués par les conducteurs et peuvent être interprétés comme illustrant la complémentarité des processus « bottom-up » et « top-down » dans la perception. On observe que le piéton « ressort » quand le conducteur n'évolue pas dans un environnement chargé et lorsque l'interaction avec celui-ci a lieu dans une zone piétonne ou sur un mode courtois. Les conducteurs se montrent ainsi particulièrement sensibles au caractère légitime ou illégitime en situation de conduite qui semble « focaliser » leur attention et leurs affects. Aussi cette analyse permet-elle de mettre l'accent sur un construit multidimensionnel de la conduite intégrant la vision, les représentations sociales et les sentiments des conducteurs en fonction des contextes de conduite.
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