Summary Health financing in Morocco relies mainly on out‐of‐pocket (OoP) payments. World Health Organization (WHO) has shown that these payments can expose households to catastrophic health expenditure (hereinafter CHE) and impoverish them. The study examines the financial burden of OoP health payments on Moroccan households. Two approaches—that developed by Wagstaff and Doeslear and the one advocated by WHO—are adopted to estimate the extent of CHE. These show that 1.77% of households incurred CHE at the 40% threshold for nonfood expenditure. At the 10% threshold for total consumption expenditure, 12.8% of households incurred CHE. We find that these OoP payments have made 1.11% of Moroccan households poorer. In analyzing the determinants of CHE, we estimated an ordered probit model. It appears that any of (a) hospitalization, (b) presence of an elderly person in the household, or (c) the level of poverty increases significantly the likelihood of health expenditure becoming catastrophic. On the other hand, we find that coverage by health insurance protects against CHE.
BackgroundStroke is a growing public health concern in low- and middle- income countries. Improved knowledge about the association between socioeconomic status and stroke in these countries would enable the development of effective stroke prevention and management strategies. This study presents the association between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of stroke in Morocco, a lower middle-income country.MethodsData on the prevalence of stroke and stroke-related risk factors were collected during a large population-based survey. The diagnosis of stroke in surviving patients was confirmed by neurologists while health, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics of households were collected using structured questionnaires. We used Multiple Correspondence Analysis to develop a wealth index based on characteristics of the household dwelling as well as ownership of selected assets. We used logistic regressions controlling for multiple variables to assess the statistical association between socioeconomic status and stroke.FindingsOur results showed a significant association between household socioeconomic status and the prevalence of stroke. This relationship was non-linear, with individuals from both the poorest (mainly rural) and richest (mainly urban) households having a lower prevalence of stroke as compared to individuals with medium wealth level. The latter belonged mainly to urban households with a lower socioeconomic status. When taking into account the urban population only, we observed that a third of poorest households experienced a significantly higher prevalence of stroke compared to the richest third (OR = 2.06; CI 95%: 1.09; 3.89).ConclusionWe conclude that individuals from the most deprived urban households bear a higher risk of stroke than the rest of the population in Morocco. This result can be explained to a certain extent by the higher presence of behavioral risk factors in this specific category of the population, which leads in turn to metabolic and physiological risk factors of stroke, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
A partir d'une enquête sur les caractéristiques individuelles et sur l'environnement de 299 élèves marocains appartenant à des classes terminales de la section technique et économique, cette étude tente de faire la lumière sur les déterminants des résultats scolaires. Si le rôle des variables relatives aux données familiales ou aux pairs des élèves, par exemple, est relativement aisé à évaluer, celui du fonctionnement intellectuel, non observé directement, est mis en relief grâce à des spécifications économétriques appropriées. Les résultats obtenus vont dans le sens des hypothèses émises au départ et des conclusions de travaux analogues, sauf pour l'éducation de la mère dont l'impact sur les performances scolaires n'a pu être établi. Diverses propositions ont été avancées pour expliquer ce phénomène.
L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier les facteurs qui expliquent la performance en mathématiques des élèves de niveau secondaire collégial marocain. Il s’appuie sur les résultats du programme TIMSS 2003 d’évaluation du niveau en mathématiques des élèves dans plusieurs pays. Les données utilisées portent sur un échantillon de 1 140 élèves relevant de 68 établissements scolaires répartis sur le territoire marocain. Nos résultats montrent que les performances sont expliquées essentiellement par le genre de l’élève et les attributs matériels du ménage. Par contre, peu de variables liées au contexte scolaire (milieu d’implantation de l’école, âge de l’enseignant et son ancienneté) ont un effet significatif. Les implications de cette étude sont doubles. Les résultats permettent, d’une part, des enseignements destinés à éclairer les stratégies des ménages et des pouvoirs publics pour améliorer les rendements scolaires. L’étude confirme, par ailleurs, l’opportunité de recourir à des modèles multiniveaux pour traiter les données qui présentent une structure hiérarchisée. Classification JEL : I21, J24.
À partir d’une enquête réalisée auprès des élèves de terminale de cinq lycées de Casablanca, cet article analyse leur comportement en matière de décision de poursuivre ou non des études universitaires et les préférences annoncées pour les filières existantes. L’article met en relief les motivations et les contraintes à l’origine des préférences et le rôle de l’information et des signaux émis par le marché du travail. Les résultats économétriques montrent que les élèves optent pour des filières qui leur garantissent le plus de chance de trouver un emploi et dans lesquelles ils ont une forte possibilité de réussir.From a survey of graduating students at five secondary schools of Casablanca, this article analyzes their intention to pursue university studies and their preferences for the existing fields of concentration. The study shows how elements of motivation and constraints explain their choices and indicates the role played by the perceived situations from the labour market in these decisions. The econometric results suggest that the students prefer fields which increase their chance of finding a job and for which they have a greater probability of academic success
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