This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of nematode resistance to anthelmintics on sheep herds from the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was carried out on 20 properties. In each herd, 30 animals were divided into five groups containing six animals each: group I, treated with albendazole 10%, 4 mg/kg; group II, ivermectin 0.08%, 0.2 mg/kg; group III, closantel 10%, 10 mg/kg; group IV, levamisole hydrochloride 5%, 5 mg/kg; and group V, monepantel 2.5%, 2.5 mg/kg. All treatments were administered orally as a single dose. Fecal samples were collected on days zero and 10 after treatment, to perform FECRT and coprocultures. Multiresistance was observed in all the properties; 95% had high resistance to albendazole, 85% to ivermectin, 80% to closantel, 40% to levamisole, and 45% to monepantel. On property 15, where monepantel was ineffective, a second FECRT for this anthelmintic was carried out 4 months after the first, resulting in 75% efficacy. Immediately after the FECRT result, two ewes were euthanized and necropsied, and Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oesophagostomum columbianum, and Trichuris ovis were recovered. It was concluded that the resistance of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes to antthelmintic, including monepantel, is high.

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SANTOS, F. G. de A. Avaliação e diagnóstico das condições de comercialização de alimentos nas feiras livres no estado da Paraíba. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 17, n. 3, p. 167-172, jul./set. 2014. RESUMO:A comercialização de alimentos em feiras livres, expostos em barracas sem refrigeração e sem proteção pode alterar a qualidade dos alimentos. Alimentos crus e mal conservados podem ser veículos de contaminação por microrganismos causadores de toxinfecção e, dessa forma, colocar em risco a saúde do consumidor. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar e definir um diagnóstico de feiras livres realizadas em quatros municípios paraibanos, localizados na mesorregião do Agreste: Campina Grande, Esperança, Areia e Bananeiras. Utilizou-se como metodologia o estudo analítico, por meio de um roteiro de observação pré-confeccionado, baseado nas recomendações da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. O roteiro de observação do tipo checklist foi dividido em quatro seções: aspectos físicos, aspectos higiênicos, aspectos ambientais e aspectos organizacionais. Os resultados foram bastante insatisfatórios, tendo em vista que nos quatro aspectos de avaliação todos os municípios apresentaram pouquíssima conformidade. Do ponto de vista de saúde pública, as condições higiênicas de comercialização de alimentos mostraram-se precárias, principalmente, porque um grande número de pessoas fazem uso deste tipo de comércio para a aquisição de alimentos nas regiões estudadas. Foi permitido concluir que se faz necessário a implantação de políticas sociais e educacionais direcionadas para as feiras livres no estado da Paraíba. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Qualidade. Saúde Pública. Segurança Alimentar. EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSTIC OF FOOD SALE CONDITIONS IN STREET MARKETS IN THE STATE OF PARAIBA, BRAZILABSTRACT: The trading of food in street markets exposed in tents without refrigeration or protection can change its quality. Raw and poorly preserved foods can become vehicles of contamination by microorganisms causing poisoning, and thus jeopardizing the health of the consumers. The objective of this study is to evaluate and define a diagnosis of street markets held in four cities in Paraiba, located in the middle region of the Wasteland: Campina Grande, Esperança, Areia and Bananeiras. The analytic study was used as methodology, by means of a previously made observation script, based on the recommendations from the National Health Surveillance Agency. The observation checklist script was divided into four sections: physical aspects, hygiene aspects, environmental aspects and organizational aspects. The results were quite unsatisfactory considering that in the four evaluation aspects, all municipalities showed very little conformity. From a public health point of view, the hygienic conditions of food trading proved to be precarious, mainly because a large number of people make use of this type of commerce for purchasing food in the regions studied. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is necessary to implement social and educational policies dir...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo predatory viability of the nematophagous fungus, Duddingtonia flagrans, after storage (36 months) and refrigeration (2-8 °C). This viability was evaluated using the infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in the Northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil. Sixteen Santa Inês sheep with negative counting of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were divided into four experimental groups, each group comprised of four animals. The pellets were administered at the dose of 3 g/10 kg of live weight (20% fungal micelyum), and a single administration was performed for each animal. Group I was administered pellets that had been stored for 36 months; Group II, freshly produced pellets; Group III, freshly produced pellets that did not contain fungi; and Group IV, pellets were not administered, and this was the control group. Feces were collected for 5 days, every 24 h for analysis. There was a significant decrease in the number of infective larvae of sheep nematodes that received D. flagrans pellets in a sodium alginate matrix, 82% was observed for Group I and 71% for Group II, compared to the control group. It is therefore concluded that the fungus, D. flagrans, pelleted in sodium alginate matrix after 36 months of storage at 2-8 °C, showed efficacy in reducing the number of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep.

<p>Os fungos nematófagos são uma importante forma de controle biológico de nematódeos gastrintestinais, pois apresentam passagem segura e inerte pelo trato gastrintestinal dos animais e ação predatória sobre as larvas infectantes desses parasitas nas fezes. Foi avaliada a eficácia de predação de helmintos de formulações peletizadas de fungos nematófagos submetidas a longos períodos de estocagem em asininos. Foram utilizados 32 animais machos, sem raça definida para o experimento. Todos os animais foram vermifugados e então testados para constatação do valor de OPG 0. Foram administrados os fungos nematófagos peletizados por via oral e então foram coletadas amostras de fezes a cada 12 horas após a aplicação, durante 72 horas. Após as coletas, foram realizadas coproculturas com as fezes misturadas com vermiculita expandida e ensaios em placas de Petri com Ágar Água 2%. Nestas culturas, foram adicionadas 1000 larvas de estrôngilos, para recuperação de larvas L3 ao final da incubação. O fungo <em>Monacrosporium thaumasium</em> estocado por 5 anos em baixas temperaturas foi tão eficiente quanto o recém-produzido.</p>