The purpose of this study was to understand the perceptions of in-service Physical Education (PE) teachers when using Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) in teaching sports. Data were gathered from interviews, work group meetings, and participants’ diaries. The results show the difficulties PE teachers had in the planning and implementation of TGfU. In the initial stage of implementing TGfU, teachers reported feelings of insecurity to the point of doubting their own pedagogical expertise and knowledge. They also reported anxiety and exhaustion. Once they surpassed the first stage, teachers’ feelings of satisfaction increased in parallel with students’ improvement, in particular because students with the lowest skill level had made significant progress in decision-making, overall compression of the game, and tactical problem solving. This study identified some major challenges facing PE teachers wishing to implement TGfU, and thus allows for the development of support strategies to promote teachers’ pedagogical self-assessment.
Investigators’ increased interest in teaching game tactics requires generalizable assessment instruments that are appropriate to whatever is needed by the tactic. This literature review aims to provide information about the instruments most frequently used to assess tactics in youth sports. We found that very few studies used instruments that fulfilled the criteria required by this review. The most frequently used tool was The Game Performance Assessment Instrument, followed by the Team Sport Assessment Procedure. Some other instruments, labeled Nonhabitual instruments, were only used sporadically. The instruments were mainly used in invasion and net/wall games. Each instrument defined a set of components and indexes to quantify the assessment, but only the Game Performance Assessment Instrument allows the assessment of the attack and the defense both of the player who possesses the ball and the player who does not. Suggestions were proposed for instruments to be used for assessing tactics.
INTRODUCCIÓN. La evaluación es un elemento clave en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. La variabilidad de instrumentos en la evaluación permite conocer con mayor precisión qué es lo que el alumnado ha aprendido. A su vez, la participación del alumnado en el proceso de evaluación y calificación le permitirá asumir un rol protagonista en su aprendizaje, valorando su propio trabajo y el de sus compañeros. Los objetivos de esta investigación son: (a) conocer si se ha producido un cambio en el tipo de instrumentos de evaluación empleados en la formación inicial y en la frecuencia de uso de los mismos con el paso del tiempo; (b) valorar cómo ha cambiado la percepción del alumnado sobre las diferentes formas de calificación empleadas en esta etapa. MÉTODO. Participaron un total de 2.361 alumnos del cuarto curso de Magisterio en Educación Primaria (70,7%) y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (29,3%). Las respuestas de 1.127 participantes se recogieron durante el curso académico 2010/2011 y las de 1.234 durante el 2014/2015. RESULTADOS. Los resultados muestran (a) que se ha producido un incremento en la frecuencia de empleo de instrumentos de evaluación entre el curso 2010/2011 y el 2014/2015, siendo los trabajos escritos y los exámenes tipo test los que muestran una mayor frecuencia de empleo; y (b) la calificación dialogada presenta diferencias significativas entre los estudios, disminuyendo su uso con el paso del tiempo, mientras que el resto de formas de calificación estudiadas no muestra diferencias significativas entre ambos estudios, prevaleciendo el uso de la heterocalificación. DISCUSIÓN. Aunque se ha producido un incremento en el uso de los diferentes instrumentos de evaluación, se siguen usando predominantemente los mismos y se mantiene como forma de calificación más utilizada la heterocalificación.
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