Through documentary research and interviews with nutrition experts, we found that all nutrients have two thresholds, the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) and the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Intake less than the RDA or more than the UL negatively affects health. Intake quantities of nutrients within these limits covers 100% of the objective physiological needs without negative repercussions. These characteristics, and others, are common knowledge among nutrition experts; however, these are not adequately reflected in the microeconomics models that study these needs. We conclude that the generalized presence of these thresholds determines the existence of significant indifference areas that should be added to the microeconomics models of the indifference curves, thus improving the modelling of reality.Keywords human nutrition • indifference area • indifference curve • utility • human needs * Use footnote for providing further information about author (webpage, alternative address)-not for acknowledging funding agencies.

The quality of drinking water differs across countries, so households show different levels of willingness to pay (WTP) to improve it, which is also influenced by their income levels. This study presents a meta-analysis using studies from 30 developed and developing countries, representing 4.7 billion inhabitants. At the international level, by standardizing these values (PPP) to international US dollars of 2011, developing countries show, on average, a greater WTP than developed countries relative to their income and an inverse correlation between their water footprint and their WTP.

While superluminal phenomena are not empirically substantiated, they present an intriguing hypothetical case. For this speculative framework, the Lorentz transformations would necessitate a revision: instead of the standard γ(x−vt), the absolute value of x′ ought to be expressed as γ(vt−x), because if v were to exceed c, then the interval vt traversed by the superluminal frame S′ would surpass the distance covered by light. Under the postulates of relativity, the subluminal scenario leads to the conventional Lorentz factor. Meanwhile, the superluminal scenario introduces an alternative transformation factor that accounts for the presence of the speed of light (c) barrier. This factor is also invariant within Minkowski spacetime, meaning it symmetrically preserves spacetime intervals. The details of this derivation become more evident when using a reverse coordinate system. This result is not, per se, evidence for the existence of superluminal phenomena, but it does allow us to speculate with a new argument about the possibility of their existence.