[eng] In this paper, I propose a survey on the economic literature dealing with the balance between specific and ad vabrem taxation. Three lessons emerge from this literature. First, predominantly specific taxation leads to relatively high price and profits and a relatively low fiscal revenue. Second, no general rule indicate which type of taxation is the best instrument as this choice is closely link to the market structure and/or to the government's objective. Third, even if a lot of works have been done on this debate, there still exist many gaps to fill. [fre] L'objectif principal de cet article est de faire le point sur la littérature économique traitant du choix entre taxe ad valorem (taxe sur la valeur des ventes) et taxe unitaire (taxe sur le volume des ventes). Trois enseignements majeurs sont mis en évidence. Premièrement, une prédominance de la taxe unitaire conduit à des prix, des profits, une qualité relativement élevés, et une recette fiscale plutôt faible. Deuxièmement, il n'existe pas de règle générale permettant de statuer sur le choix du type de taxe à utiliser. En effet, ce choix est étroitement lié à la structure du marché étudié et à l'objectif poursuivi par le gouvernement. Troisièmement, même s'il y a eu beaucoup d'avancées, il existe encore de nombreuses zones d'ombres qui peuvent faire l'objet de travaux intéressants.
This paper studies the price structure in a postal sector with a monopolistic operator when customers can engage in worksharing. It presents simulation results obtained from an empirical model that is calibrated on data from the French postal sector. The optimal worksharing discount is significantly larger than the avoided costs. Consequently, the appropriate pricing structure differs markedly from the often recommended ECPR policy.
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