A pilot-scale study investigating the use of low-pressure, high-intensity UV radiation for disinfection of urban wastewater was conducted. The inactivation of coliform bacteria, wastewater-indigenous enteric viruses, seeded poliovirus, and seeded F-specific coliphage was studied. During the course of the pilot study, infectious human adenoviruses were isolated from 15 of 16 large-volume samples of UVdisinfected secondary-and tertiary-treated wastewater. Half of the tertiarytreated, UV-disinfected effluent samples from which the adenoviruses were isolated had total coliform concentrations that complied with California's Water Recycling Criteria. To determine the relative UV resistance of the adenovirus isolates, purified viruses were seeded into tertiary-treated wastewater and exposed to low-pressure, high-intensity, collimated UV radiation. A dose of approximately 170 mW-s/cm 2 was required to achieve 99.99% inactivation. These findings suggest that UV doses effective at meeting certain wastewater regulations for total coliform bacteria may not provide suitable inactivation of the UV-resistant human adenoviruses. Water Environ. Res., 75, 163 (2003).

Astrovirus-like, coronavirus-like, and parvovirus-like particles were detected through electron microscopic (EM) examination of loose and diarrheal stools from a litter of beagle pups. Banding patterns obtained from equilibrium centrifugations in CsCl supported the EM identification. Densities associated with the identified particles were: 1.34 g/ml for astrovirus, 1.39 g/ml for "full" parvovirus and 1.24-1.26 g/ml for "typical" coronavirus. Convalescent sera from the pups aggregated these three particle types as observed by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). Only coronavirus-like particles were later detected in formed stools from these same pups. Coronavirus and parvo-like viruses are recognized agents of canine viral enteritis, however, astrovirus has not been previously reported in dogs.

A community waterborne nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreak occurred in Eagle-Vail, Colorado in March 1981. Illness (defined as vomiting and/or diarrhea) was statistically associated with water consumption (X2 for linear trend = 7.07, p < .005). Five

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