This article aims to revisit and to adapt the Norman's theory of action by focusing on the design of interactive systems for disabled people. The background section demonstrates that there is a need to include all the stakeholders involved in the environment of the disabled person in the design process, constituting his or her ecosystem. Then the adaptation of the Norman's theory action, considering explicitly the ecosystem is justified; examples of the both role of the disabled people and members of his/her ecosystem are given for the seven components of Norman's model. Two cases studies are after presented to illustrate the crucial role of the ecosystem in case of assistive interactive system design. The benefits of taking into account the ecosystem in the design of interactive systems for disabled persons are discussed. The article ends with a conclusion and research perspectives.

Housing under a shared housing organisation enables frail elderly persons to live in a semi autonomous way, thanks to cooperation between residents and an assistant. The social organization of this new type of housing also has an impact on the social participation of users. This article is based on a pilot study and deals with the benefits of digital technologies and « ambient intelligence » used to answer the needs of such a way of living. The pilot study was carried out in a house shared by 6 co-tenants. The qualitative method used first consisted in a characterisation of the 6 inhabitants. This was followed by semi-structured interviews about their sensed needs, and a focus group, with 5 of the 6 cotenants, in order to gain an initial consensus about needs. This result was confronted to the demands of the assistants, collected through interviews. A usage scenario was developed in a smart home (Maison Intelligente de Blagnac). This scenario was performed by three of the inhabitants and followed by a second focus group and a narrative interview with the assistants and the designers of the shared house. This article reports the method which was carried out and the needs expressed by the co-tenants.

L'objectif de notre travail est de concevoir une nouvelle méthodologie de conception centrée utilisateur (CCU) dans le domaine de la conception de systèmes de suppléance pour des personnes polyhandicapées résidant dans des Maisons d'Accueil Spécialisée (MAS). Nous avons adopté une approche spécifique en intégrant des données cliniques interprétées des personnes en situation de polyhandicap par le personnel médico-social. C'est une nouvelle approche pour pallier leur difficulté à identifier et/ou à exprimer leurs besoins en matière d'outils de suppléance. Nous allons montrer au travers d'un cas d'étude comment ces données cliniques nous ont permis de concevoir des prototypes moyenne fidélité pour l'aide à la communication et au contrôle d'environnement. MOTS CLÉS Conception centrée utilisateur ; techniques d'interaction ; polyhandicap ; données cliniques.