This article gives insight into two research projects dealing with urban climate change that used laboratories in real-world contexts as a research mode. The article’s objective is to investigate the challenges we experienced based on a reflective comparison of the projects’ labs. Challenges occurred regarding the lab’s core elements, i.e. real-world experiments, the cooperation of scientists and practitioners (transdisciplinarity), the intervention methods (transformation-oriented research), and long-term character and transferability. We suggest that promoting constant communication and reflection, downscaling scope, accepting failure and going beyond the limiting conditions of scientific research may advance the concept of laboratories in real-world contexts.

This paper reflects upon the potential of real-world laboratories (RWLs) to promote sustainable urban development. RWLs strive for knowledge production through collective action in experimental settings. Their implementation in urban studies faces two major challenges: (1) the ambiguity of roles university researchers need to fill, and (2) the variety of expectations among team members from different institutional backgrounds. Based on research in one trans-European and three German RWLs, we propose a stronger focus on team development to help researchers in RWLs address these challenges more systematically. In particular, this means support in terms of resources and infrastructure (time, space, and training). We argue that the improvement of RWL team performance has great impact on the potentials of RWLs in transformative urban studies. Thus, the article contributes to the ongoing debate on the city as a laboratory and site of experimentation in times of multiple crises.

The effects of climate change and associated extreme weather events such as heat, storms and heavy rainfall lead to considerable damage to property and personal injury worldwide. To counteract the causes and consequences of climate change, many states, regions and cities worldwide declared the status of climate emergency in 2019. As a result, scientists and urban planners intensified their efforts to develop appropriate mechanisms and measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change and its consequences. This paper presents an informal systematic and user-driven governance instrument, which examines the ecological, social and economic effects of urban interventions – the ‘Sustainability Check’. As a target-based assessment tool, it provides decision-makers with information about the extent to which a planned intervention corresponds with future-oriented urban development. The check results from the research project ZUKUR (‘Future of the Urban Region Ruhr’), in which researchers and practitioners from the City of Bottrop (Germany) worked together in a real-world laboratory. The Sustainability Check is novel because it combines elements of an impact assessment tailored to user needs and links sustainable urban development goals with resilient and environmentally just urban development at the local level. Based on the first application, we conclude that the Sustainability Check significantly contributes to developing a future-oriented city. Adapted to the local and context-specific needs of a city, it offers systematic consideration of the requirements of sustainable, resilient and environmentally just urban development in an efficient manner and at the early-stage.

In response to the climate emergency declared in many German cities in 2019, political decision makers, planners and researchers began promoting climate resilience in policy areas such as housing. This article discusses the potential impact and implementation of housing-market monitoring and housing action plans on analytical and strategic capacities at local and regional levels by presenting findings from a transdisciplinary, multi-level real-world laboratory in the Ruhr city region in Germany. It proposes an integrated multi-level approach to raise awareness and provide an accessible database for housing policies in climate-resilient city regions across administrative levels and sectoral borders.