Drowsy driving contributes to ~20% of all traffic accidents worldwide. Onsite monitoring the mental condition of a driver and forewarning may be a preventive solution to reduce occurrence of drowsiness and potential accidents. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been successfully utilized in hemodynamics-interpreted functional activity in preliminary voluntary attention experiments. Here, we monitored hemodynamic alternations using fNIRS upon the prefrontal cortex over 13 volunteers in the course of a 7-hour driving simulation and evaluated their reaction capability with a voluntary attention test based on Go/NoGo paradigm. A degradation in attention test score (Accuracy/RT) as well as the elevations in oxy-hemoglobin (Δ[HbO ]) and total hemoglobin (Δ[tHb]) were found significantly correlated with driving duration (Accuracy/RT: r = -0.964, P < 0.001; Δ[HbO ]: r = 0.950, P < 0.001; Δ[tHb]: r = 0.852, P = 0.007). The hemodynamic parameters are in significant inverse correlations with Accuracy/RT (Δ[HbO ]: r = -0.896, p = 0.003; Δ[tHb]: r = -0.844, P = 0.008), indicating the potential to forewarn drivers the attention degradation with onsite fNIRS measurements.

The optoelectronic sensor OPT101 have merits in advanced optoelectronic response characteristics at wavelength range for medical near-infrared spectroscopy and small-size chip design with build-in trans-impedance amplifier. Our lab is devoted to developing a series of portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices embedded with OPT101 for applications in intensive care unit clinics, based on NIRS principle. Here we review the characteristics and advantages of OPT101 relative to clinical NIRS instrumentation, and the most recent achievements, including early-diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of thrombus, noninvasive monitoring of patients' shock severity, and fatigue evaluation. The future prospect on OPT101 improvements in noninvasive clinical applications is also discussed.

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