Main Points• As a significant tobacco producer, cigarette consumption in Turkey has increased dramatically similar to the rest of the world. • Real GDP per capita, urbanization, and tobacco controls positively affect the cigarette consumption while the cigarette prices and level of education negatively effect smoking. • Controlling the cigarette prices and educating people about the hazardous effects of smoking are important policies for reducing cigarette consumption. • The tobacco control policies have a short history in Turkey and, as such, the positive effects of these policies in eliminating cigarette consumption may have not yet come through.

Unemployment is a serious global problem. The problem of youth unemployment in particular has been the subject of many scientific studies, and the main causes and possible solutions to this problem have been evaluated and various solutions have been put forward. However, youth unemployment is a complex problem with no single solution. It is affected by many different factors. Moreover, the youth unemployment problem is getting bigger day by day. According to the statistics of the International Labor Organization (2020), the young population (15-24 years of age) increased from 1 billion to 1.3 billion between 1999-2019, but the number of young people participating in employment decreased from 568 million to 497 million. Many studies in different disciplines have been conducted on the main causes, results and possible solutions of the increasing youth unemployment problem. All these studies approach youth unemployment from different angles and offer different solutions to the problem. A complex problem such as youth unemployment is affected by many different factors.This study examines the effects of the variables of real gross domestic product per capita, labor productivity, gross capital formation, and higher education expenditures on youth unemployment-all of which are thought to affect youth unemployment. The study aims to make suggestions about youth unemployment by revealing the effects of these variables on youth unemployment. The study is based on quantitative data analysis and, in particular, time series analysis has been applied. The dataset used in the study was created based on the relevant literature and used the longest possible time interval. In addition, this study differs ABSTRACTThe problem of unemployment-especially among youth-has been the subject of many scientific studies. Scientists have worked on the main causes of youth unemployment and possible solutions for a long time and are still working on it. However, youth unemployment is a complex, global problem that is affected by many factors. Various scientific disciplines have dealt with different perspectives on the main causes, consequences and possible solutions of youth unemployment. The problem is increasing worldwide, and various opinions and suggestions have been put forward.The main objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of youth unemployment in Turkey for the period 1988-2019. The dependent variable of the study is youth unemployment, and the main variable that affects the dependent variable is higher education expenditures. Other control variables used in the study are real gross domestic product per capita, gross capital formation and labor productivity, respectively. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds Testing (ARDL Test) approach, which tests whether there is a short and long-run relationship between the series, was used in the study. The findings obtained from the analysis results indicate that youth unemployment is negatively associated with higher education expenditures and gross capital formation. It is p...

The goal of this study is to investigate the potential effects of international trade on per-capita CO2 emissions among trade partners. To achieve this purpose, the Group of Seven (G7) countries and each of their developing trade-partner countries with the highest trade volume have been selected as the sample. The stochastic convergence methodology has been employed using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), Phillips-Perron (PP), and Enders-Lee Fourier unit root tests in order to test for convergence or divergence. Various results have been obtained from the unit root tests. These results suggest international trade to have no general or common effects on per capita CO2 emissions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate occupational accidents in a hospital setting using the L-Type matrix and Fine-Kinney risk assessment methods. The aim was to assess the frequency, severity, and associated risks of different types of accidents. Methods: This single-center observational study analyzed occupational injuries that occurred to hospital employees between January 2018 and December 2022 in Arnavutköy State Hospital. Data were obtained from hospital records using a hospital information management system. Demographic characteristics, accident types, previous accident history, incapacity reports, L-Type matrix scores, and Fine-Kinney method scores were recorded. Risk scores were categorized based on predefined criteria. Results: The study included 249 occupational accidents, with a mean age of 30.94±9.69 years. Needle stick injuries in the hand were the most common type of accident (72.7%), followed by falls and bumps (16.1%). The L-Type matrix assessment showed that 90% of accidents were mild, and none were severe. According to the Fine-Kinney method, 0.8% of accidents were in the very high-risk group. Multiple accidents were observed among 23.7% of employees, and 11.6% resulted in work disability reports. Conclusion: Occupational accidents pose a significant risk to the safety and well-being of healthcare workers in hospitals. Needle stick injuries and falls or collisions were the most prevalent accidents. The use of risk assessment methods such as the L-Type matrix and Fine-Kinney approach allows for a comprehensive evaluation of occupational risks.