Biomass is defined as organic matter from living organisms represented in all kingdoms. It is recognized to be an excellent source of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids and, as such, embodies a tailored feedstock for new products and processes to apply in green industries. The industrial processes focused on the valorization of terrestrial biomass are well established, but marine sources still represent an untapped resource. Oceans and seas occupy over 70% of the Earth’s surface and are used intensively in worldwide economies through the fishery industry, as logistical routes, for mining ores and exploitation of fossil fuels, among others. All these activities produce waste. The other source of unused biomass derives from the beach wrack or washed-ashore organic material, especially in highly eutrophicated marine ecosystems. The development of high-added-value products from these side streams has been given priority in recent years due to the detection of a broad range of biopolymers, multiple nutrients and functional compounds that could find applications for human consumption or use in livestock/pet food, pharmaceutical and other industries. This review comprises a broad thematic approach in marine waste valorization, addressing the main achievements in marine biotechnology for advancing the circular economy, ranging from bioremediation applications for pollution treatment to energy and valorization for biomedical applications. It also includes a broad overview of the valorization of side streams in three selected case study areas: Norway, Scotland, and the Baltic Sea.

The genus Scenedesmus and other allied morphospecies can not only been identified morphologically due to their smaller sizes and phenotypic plasticity. In this study, six Scenedesmus-like species were isolated and investigated from the inland freshwater of Ergene River Basin (Thrace, Turkey). These strains were studied in-depth using the light microscopy (LM ) and the molecular ITS1-ITS4 gene sequencing. The combined morphological and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains studied belonged to the genera Desmodesmus (2 strains were characterized as D. communis and one strain identified as D. armatus var. subalternas), Acutodesmus (2 strains related to A. obliquus), and only one strain of the genus Pectinodesmus that identified as P. pectinatus.This study confirms that morphological identification of Scenedesmus-like species is considered not only enough for accurate species delineation but also the molecular approaching techniques should be applied. However, more deep molecular studies using other genes sequencing should be integrated for more easily species identification.

Microalgae have many biotechnological applications in various industries including food and feed, fertilizer, biofuel, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, and wastewater treatment. Since hey produce secondary metabolites under stress conditions such as pigments, carotenoids, hydrocarbons, and vitamins, investigating the effects of stress factors on growth parameters and biochemical composition of microalgal biomass is needed in producing bioproducts. In this paper, the combined effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and the protein/amino acid and Lipid-FAMEs profiles of microalgae Tetradesmus obliquus (MAKUMACC-037) were investigated. Nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency reduced the algal growth. Biochemical composition was changed in a nitrogen and phosphorus dependent manner. High concentration of protein and lipid were associated with increased nitrogen and phosphorus concentration However, the FAMEs profiles were changed depending on only the nitrogen concentration.

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