Eighteen dairy Zaraibi goats in 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th season of lactation with average body weight of 37.87kg were divided randomly into three equal groups, to study the effect of substitution of berseem silage by Kochia as a source of protein in silage rations on milk yield, blood profile and feed efficiency of dairy goats. Half the crude protein (CP) requirements of lactating goats were covered from CFM. The other 50% of CP was covered from: berseem silage in the first group (G1), 50% berseem+50% fodder beet silage in second group(G2), 50% Kochia+50% fodder beet silage in third group (G3). The feeding trails lasted for 14 weeks. The obtained results showed that the crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) percentages of berseem silage were higher 14.20 and 29.80% than the other silages. But, the content of EE and NFE were lower (2.05 and 41.95%) in berseem silage compared with two mixture silages. But, organic matter (OM) was nearly similar in the different silages. The effect of the tested silages on most hemato-biochemical parameters was not significant. Concerning milk production, the obtained data indicated that the highest value of milk yield was recorded with G1 (845g/h) followed by G2 (761g/h), while the lowest value (727g/h) was recorded with G3 and the differences were significant. Moreover, milk fat percentage was significantly (P<0.05) higher with G3 (Kochia-fodder beet silage) compared with the other groups. The same trend was observed also with total solids among the three groups. The effect of experiment rations on other milk content (milk protein, lactose and ash) and milk quality parameters was not significant. The feed conversion efficiency based on DM and CP, was better with G1 compared G3. On the contrary, the economic efficiency was better with G3 compared with the other groups.

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Objective was to investigate supplying goats by bee bread (BB) such as natural hive pellets or extract to improve reproductive and productive performance. A total number of 24 goats were used. They were divided into three groups as A, B and C then, BB offered at levels of 0, 4 g and 5.0 ml daily / head, respectively. Reproductive parameters and oestrus resumption were investigated. Also, productive performance such as suckling and peak lactation were determined. The blood parameters were analyzed. Finely, correlation coefficient among feeding and some reproductive and productive procedures were explained. The results indicated that B or C goats had higher (P<0.05) and similar LBW, BCS and BMI than A goats. The reproductive parameters were better in B and C goats than A goats. The B and C goats have shorter (P<0.05) days of estrus and longer (P<0.05) estrus time duration than A goats. Milk yield during suckling and peak of lactation were significantly (P<0.05) higher in B and C goats than A goats. The glucose, total protein, globulin, HDL were significantly (P<0.05) higher in B and C goats than A goats. However, the total lipids, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, AST, ALT and creatinine, in B and C goats were lower (P<0.05) than A goats. The positive correlation coefficient was observed among BB feeding and some reproductive and productive. Conclusion, BB pellets or solution able to improve reproductive and productive performance of goats.

Twenty eight female Zaraibi goats in 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th season of lactation with average body weight of 33.0 kg were divided randomly into 4 groups (7 does in each) to study the effect of substitution of berseem forage by triticale forage in diets of lactating Zaraibi goats on their performances for milk yield and composition. In addition, twelve Rahmani rams average body weight of 50 kg were used to evaluate the feeding value of tested diets. Half the crude protein (CP) requirements of lactating goats were covered from concentrate feed mixture (CFM) while other 50% of CP was covered from triticale forage in the first group (G1), mixture forage (50% triticale-50% berseem) in the second group (G2), mixture forage (70% triticale-30% berseem) in the third group (G3), and berseem forage in (G4). The obtained results showed that the dry matter (DM) percent of triticale was higher than berseem (16.50 vs. 13.98). Moreover, the ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were higher while CP and ash were lower in triticale forage than berseem. But, crude fiber (CF) was nearly similar in both forages. The daily dray mater intake (DMI) as g/ kg w 0.75 and body weight (BW) tended to increase with mixture forage G2 (99.10 and 4.07, respectively) compared with G3(98.75 and 4.06, respectively) and G4 (95.27 and 3.91, respectively) and G1 (91.79 and 3.77, respectively). Ammonia-N (NH3-N) level and pH values tended to decrease in the rumen of Rahmani sheep fed triticale forage (G1) compared with other forages (G2, G3, and G4). Rumen volatile fatty acids (TVFA's) concentrations as well as microbial protein (MP) were higher with 50% triticale -50% berseem than with other rations. The digestion coefficients of OM, CF and NFE were significantly improved with G2 and G3 compared with G1 and G4. The CP, DM and OM digestibility recorded the lowest values (P<0.05) with triticale forage. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the higher estimates (P<0.05) with the mixture rations (G2 and G3), while digestible crude protein (DCP) was significantly higher with increasing berseem in the rations. Whereas, serum protein, albumin, globulin, urea-N and glucose did not significantly differed among the tested diets. Concerning milk production, the obtained data indicated that milk yield of Zaraibi goats was significantly (P<0.05) higher with mixture forage (1.350 kg/ h/ d) G2 and (1.310 kg/h/d) G3 compared with the other groups (1.230 and 1.260 for G1 and G4, respectively). The effect of experimental treatments on milk fat percentage was significant (P<0.05). While, other milk contain and milk quality parameters (such as pH value and acidity %) were not significant. Accordingly, it could be concluded that using mixture forage (triticale and berseem) in feeding Zaraibi goats has positive effect on feeding value, milk yield and milk composition as well as feed utilization efficiency. Triticale forage could be safety use in feeding Zaraibi goats as it is or mixed with berseem.

Twelve adult Rahmany rams 62.4kg of body weight and 3 years of age were used in this study , with aimed to overcome oxalic acid in sugar beet vein silage and to estimating the effects of oxalic acid residual on rumen microorganisms activities. The animals were randomly divided into four groups , assigned to four digestion trials. The experimental rations were50%concentrate feed mixture(CFM)+50% roughage as berseem hay for control or one of sugar beet top silages either, untreated (USBS),chemical treated(CSBS) or biochemical(B-CSBS), for second , third and fourth rations respectively .Trials were conducted and lasted for 22 days .The results of chemical composition for tested ingredients and calculated chemical composition of the consumed rations fed by adult Rahmany rams reveals' that the B-CSBS was higher of CP and NFE, while the CF and Ash had lower values when compared with control and USBS groups, however the means of cell wall constituents of experimental diets indicated that the B-CSBS silage had the lowest contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),acid detergent lignin(ADL),hemicelluloses and cellulose. on the other side ,the data of oxalic acid was clearly that the chemical and biochemical sugar beet tops silages were lower of oxalic acid than those of untreated sugar beet tops .The digestibility of B-CSBS was higher in OM ,CP, EE and NFE compared with CSBS, USBS and control diet . At the same time the USBS was significantly higher (p<0.05) for NDF, ADF, ADL, cellulose and Hemicellulose than other tested groups. while feed intake of USBS was significantly (P<0.05)higher compared with other groups and the values were ranged between 2316-2952g / h /d dry matter. Ruminal TVFA were significant higher (p<0.05) of acetic, butrtate and iso-biotrate for USBS group compared with the other tested groups, whereas propionate and valerate were significantly lower (p<0.05) for the same treatments in this respect .The highest values of total celluolytic bacterial, total bacterial and total protozoal count were obtained at 3 hrs post feeding of USBS was significantly (P<0.05) lower. While the rumen nitrogen in both of chemical and biochemical treated sugar beet top silage caused increase of NPN in rumen, however, total nitrogen of B-CSBS was significantly(P<0.05)higher at 3 and 6 hrs post feeding compared with other experimental groups..