. In the article the conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis of fat fraction of waste from production of hydrogenated fat by the lipase Rhizopus japonicus are considered, namely, the influence of pH of the medium (pH-optimum, pH-stability) and temperature (thermal optimum, thermal stability). The scope of applications of lipases in various branches of the national economy, including for utilization of numerous fatty waste and by-products of oil and fat industry, is disclosed. The main reasons of biotechnological potential of microbial lipases are considered. Objects of research were the lipase Rhizopus japonicus and waste from the demetallization stage of the hydrogenated fat production. Detected, that the optimum pH value for Rhizopus japonicus lipase is 7.0, reducing the pH of the medium from the optimum to pH 6.0 is accompanied by a decrease in activity by 30%, and an increase from 7.0 to 9.0 – decrease by 20%. The maximum activity of the enzyme is observed in the region of physiological values of the temperature. It has been established that the lipase optimal temperature is 40°C. The results of the Rhizopus japonicus lipase stability study showed that incubation of the enzyme at pH 2.5 resulted in a complete loss of lipolytic activity after 30 minutes, and at alkaline pH, the enzyme was more stable. Incubation of lipase Rhizopus japonicus for 30 min at pH 9.0 leads to loss of lipolytic activity by 25% of the maximum, and total loss of activity occurs after 2.5 h. The study of pH-stability of Rhizopus japonicus lipase at an optimal pH of 7 showed that after 60 min of incubation, the enzyme lost 15% of the lipolitical activity, and after 60 min – 50%. Complete loss of Rhizopus japonicus lipase activity at pH 7.0 takes place after 150 minutes of incubation. The results of the study of thermal stability of lipase showed that at a temperature of 40°C and 60°C, the lipase activity remained rather stable for 50 minutes and completely lost after 150 minutes of incubation. At 80°C and 100°C, lipase activity was lost after 40 minutes and 50 minutes of incubation, respectively. The results of the study indicate the prospect of enzymatic hydrolysis of fat fraction of waste by Rhizopus japonicus lipase. The results obtained should be used to improve the processing technology of waste oil and fat industry food and processing industries.

Вивчено роль процесу мікрокапсулювання мікроорганізмів з метою їх захисту від несприятливих факторів. Доведено доцільність створення синбіотичного комплексу і вивчено його вплив на фізико-хімічні і структурно-механічні властивості помадних мас. Надані результати по розробці технології помадних цукерок з синбіотичним комплексом, в якому в якості пробіотичних культур використовували мікрокапсульовані біфідобактерії, а в якості пребіотика-лактулозу. ключові слова: мікрокапсульовані біфідобактерії, пребіотик лактулоза, синбіотики, мікрокапсулювання, помадні цукерки.

In order to increase the efficiency of composting the organic component of solid municipal waste as a highly effective biotechnological method, and to compare the characteristics of the processes, it is suggested to use soil as an inoculum, as a microbiological additive - an extract from the soil. The original compost mixture is a multicomponent system, the decomposition and transformation of which depends on the functioning of a microorganisms complex, in particular, fungal and bacterial microflora. Since the main component of the organic fraction is cellulose, it is expedient, along with the definition of the total number of the microflora bacterial and fungal components, to determine the number of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms. An estimation of the change in the compost mixtures’ microbial population has been made, which shows that bacteria dominate over fungi in compost mixtures. A similar microbial complex is observed in soils. The article presents the results of the study of the soil microbiocenosis qualitative and quantitative composition in order to use it as an inoculum in the process of composting the organic part of solid municipal waste. The influence of microbiological additive on the process of the organic waste composting for acceleration in mesophilic and thermophilic temperature regimes with controlled parameters was studied. The results of the conducted studies allow us to conclude that the organic waste composting with the microbiological additive is appropriate, both in the case of thermophilic and in the case of mesophilic regimes. The period of the compost maturation with the use of a microbiological additive is 6 weeks. It was shown that the microbiological complex accelerates the process of composting the organic component of solid municipal waste by 3.3 times for the thermophilic regime and by 2.1 times for the mesophilic conditions of composting process, which testifies to the efficiency of its use in the operation of the solid municipal waste processing in order to improve the general level of environmental safety.

A large amount of fatty waste from food enterprises accumulates in Ukraine, which represents a number of problems in their disposal. The main ones are formed during the production and processing of vegetable oils. Fat conversion usually occurs at high temperatures and pressures, while enzymatic hydrolysis is an energy-saving process. Work highlights the main factors for obtaining immobilized biocatalysts, the conditions and methods for determining the activity and stability of immobilized enzymes. The work is devoted to the study of the physical and chemical properties of the immobilized lipase Rhizopus japonicus, namely the influence of the pH of the medium (pH optimum pH stability) and temperature (thermal optimum, thermal stability). The objects of study were immobilized lipase Rhizopus japonicus, waste from the stage of demetalization of hydrogenated fat and activated carbon with a grain size of 2.0-2.8. It was revealed that for the immobilized lipase Rhizopus japonicus, the pH optimum value expanded with a shift from 7.0 to 6.5, and a significant increase in pH stability was observed during prolonged incubation of the immobilized preparation. It was established that lipase immobilization leads to an expansion of the thermos-optimum, as well as stabilization of the enzyme during prolonged incubation at a temperature of 40°C and at higher temperatures (60-80°C). The experimental results obtained indicate a higher stability of the immobilized lipase Rhizopus japonicus compared to native. The high activity and stability of immobilized lipase make it possible to recommend for bioconversion of oil and fat waste.